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200 papers

Tag-Pag is an application designed to simplify the categorization of web pages, a task increasingly common for researchers who scrape web pages to analyze individuals' browsing patterns or train machine learning classifiers. Unlike existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Anton Pogrebnjak , Julian Schelb , Andreas Spitz , Celina Kacperski , Roberto Ulloa

Many annotation tools have been developed, covering a wide variety of tasks and providing features like user management, pre-processing, and automatic labeling. However, all of these tools use Graphical User Interfaces, and often require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Jonathan K. Kummerfeld

Many complex discourse-level tasks can aid domain experts in their work but require costly expert annotations for data creation. To speed up and ease annotations, we investigate the viability of automatically generated annotation…

Large sense-annotated datasets are increasingly necessary for training deep supervised systems in Word Sense Disambiguation. However, gathering high-quality sense-annotated data for as many instances as possible is a laborious and expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Tommaso Pasini , Jose Camacho-Collados

Annotations play a vital role in highlighting critical aspects of visualizations, aiding in data externalization and exploration, collaborative sensemaking, and visual storytelling. However, despite their widespread use, we identified a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Md Dilshadur Rahman , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Bhavana Doppalapudi , Danielle Albers Szafir , Paul Rosen

Annotation is the labeling of data by human effort. Annotation is critical to modern machine learning, and Bloomberg has developed years of experience of annotation at scale. This report captures a wealth of wisdom for applied annotation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Tina Tseng , Amanda Stent , Domenic Maida

The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning. The perspective of Semantic Web is to promote the quality and intelligence of the current web by changing its contents into machine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-08-06 Hamed Hassanzadeh , MohammadReza Keyvanpour

It is necessary to gather real refactoring instances while conducting empirical studies on refactoring. However, existing refactoring detection approaches are insufficient in terms of their accuracy and coverage. Reducing the manual effort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Ryo Kuramoto , Motoshi Saeki , Shinpei Hayashi

Data annotation is an essential component of the machine learning pipeline; it is also a costly and time-consuming process. With the introduction of transformer-based models, annotation at the document level is increasingly popular;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Owen Cook , Jake Vasilakes , Ian Roberts , Xingyi Song

We conducted a systematic literature review on automated grading and feedback tools for programming education. We analysed 121 research papers from 2017 to 2021 inclusive and categorised them based on skills assessed, approach, language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Marcus Messer , Neil C. C. Brown , Michael Kölling , Miaojing Shi

SMCalFlow is a large corpus of semantically detailed annotations of task-oriented natural dialogues. The annotations use a dataflow approach, in which the annotations are programs which represent user requests. Despite the availability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Joram Meron

Annotation tools are the starting point for creating Natural Language Processing (NLP) datasets. There is a wide variety of tools available; setting up these tools is however a hindrance. We propose EEVEE, an annotation tool focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Axel Sorensen , Siyao Peng , Barbara Plank , Rob van der Goot

The usefulness of annotated corpora is greatly increased if there is an associated tool that can allow various kinds of operations to be performed in a simple way. Different kinds of annotation frameworks and many query languages for them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2011-08-10 Anil Kumar Singh

Annotation studies often require annotators to familiarize themselves with the task, its annotation scheme, and the data domain. This can be overwhelming in the beginning, mentally taxing, and induce errors into the resulting annotations;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Ji-Ung Lee , Jan-Christoph Klie , Iryna Gurevych

We describe an effort to annotate a corpus of natural language instructions consisting of 622 wet lab protocols to facilitate automatic or semi-automatic conversion of protocols into a machine-readable format and benefit biological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Chaitanya Kulkarni , Wei Xu , Alan Ritter , Raghu Machiraju

Automated fact-checking based on machine learning is a promising approach to identify false information distributed on the web. In order to achieve satisfactory performance, machine learning methods require a large corpus with reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Andreas Hanselowski , Christian Stab , Claudia Schulz , Zile Li , Iryna Gurevych

People are producing more written material then anytime in the history. The increase is so high that professionals from the various fields are no more able to cope with this amount of publications. Text mining tools can offer tools to help…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-03 Nikola Milosevic

Machine-learning based generation of process models from natural language text process descriptions provides a solution for the time-intensive and expensive process discovery phase. Many organizations have to carry out this phase, before…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Julian Neuberger , Han van der Aa , Lars Ackermann , Daniel Buschek , Jannic Herrmann , Stefan Jablonski

Many recent works aim at developing methods and tools for the processing of semantic Web services. In order to be properly tested, these tools must be applied to an appropriate benchmark, taking the form of a collection of semantic WS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-02-04 Cihan Aksoy , Vincent Labatut , Chantal Cherifi , Jean-François Santucci

Large amounts of annotated data have become more important than ever, especially since the rise of deep learning techniques. However, manual annotations are costly. We propose a tool that enables researchers to create large, high-quality,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Franziska Weeber , Felix Hamborg , Karsten Donnay , Bela Gipp