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Natural language generation (NLG) has received increasing attention, which has highlighted evaluation as a central methodological concern. Since human evaluations for these systems are costly, automatic metrics have broad appeal in NLG.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei

Prediction in language has traditionally been studied using simple designs in which neural responses to expected and unexpected words are compared in a categorical fashion. However, these designs have been contested as being `prediction…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-09-11 Micha Heilbron , Benedikt Ehinger , Peter Hagoort , Floris P. de Lange

Speech-to-speech translation combines machine translation with speech synthesis, introducing evaluation challenges not present in either task alone. How to automatically evaluate speech-to-speech translation is an open question which has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Elizabeth Salesky , Julian Mäder , Severin Klinger

Many applications of large language models (LLMs) require long-context understanding, but models continue to struggle with such tasks. We hypothesize that conventional next-token prediction training could contribute to this, because each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Falko Helm , Nico Daheim , Iryna Gurevych

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance on complex mathematical benchmarks yet sometimes fail on basic math reasoning while generating unnecessarily verbose responses. In this paper, we present LLMThinkBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Gaurav Srivastava , Aafiya Hussain , Sriram Srinivasan , Xuan Wang

Some consider large-scale language models that can generate long and coherent pieces of text as dangerous, since they may be used in misinformation campaigns. Here we formulate large-scale language model output detection as a hypothesis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Lav R. Varshney , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Richard Socher

A major challenge in the field of Text Generation is evaluation because we lack a sound theory that can be leveraged to extract guidelines for evaluation campaigns. In this work, we propose a first step towards such a theory that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Pius von Däniken , Jan Deriu , Don Tuggener , Mark Cieliebak

Tasks that require character-level reasoning, such as counting or locating characters within words, remain challenging for contemporary language models. A common conjecture is that language models' reliance on subword units, rather than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Omri Uzan , Yuval Pinter

We present a token-level decision summarization framework that utilizes the latent topic structures of utterances to identify "summary-worthy" words. Concretely, a series of unsupervised topic models is explored and experimental results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-28 Lu Wang , Claire Cardie

How much is 56 times 37? Language models often make mistakes in these types of difficult calculations. This is usually explained by their inability to perform complex reasoning. Since language models rely on large training sets and great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 David Herel , Tomas Mikolov

Training vision-language models (VLMs) for medical report generation is often hindered by the scarcity of high-quality annotated data. This work evaluates the use of a weighted loss function to improve data efficiency. Compared to standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Alexander Weers , Daniel Rueckert , Martin J. Menten

Recent work on Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has highlighted the importance of language modeling in that it is certainly possible to achieve good performance by comparing the probabilities of the proposed edits. At the same time,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Dimitrios Alikaniotis , Vipul Raheja

Statistical significance testing of differences in values of metrics like recall, precision and balanced F-score is a necessary part of empirical natural language processing. Unfortunately, we find in a set of experiments that many commonly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Alexander Yeh

Training data influence estimation methods quantify the contribution of training documents to a model's output, making them a promising source of information for example-based explanations. As humans cannot interpret thousands of documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Loris Schoenegger , Benjamin Roth

Automatic evaluation metrics capable of replacing human judgments are critical to allowing fast development of new methods. Thus, numerous research efforts have focused on crafting such metrics. In this work, we take a step back and analyze…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Pierre Colombo , Maxime Peyrard , Nathan Noiry , Robert West , Pablo Piantanida

This submission investigates alternative machine learning models for predicting the HTER score on the sentence level. Instead of directly predicting the HTER score, we suggest a model that jointly predicts the amount of the 4 distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Eleftherios Avramidis

Keyphrase extraction models are usually evaluated under different, not directly comparable, experimental setups. As a result, it remains unclear how well proposed models actually perform, and how they compare to each other. In this work, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Ygor Gallina , Florian Boudin , Béatrice Daille

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable prowess in various tasks necessitating sophisticated cognitive behaviors. Nevertheless, a paradoxical performance discrepancy is observed, where these models underperform in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yuchen Fan , Yantao Liu , Zijun Yao , Jifan Yu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

A distinction is often drawn between a model's ability to predict a label for an evaluation sample that is directly memorised from highly similar training samples versus an ability to predict the label via some method of generalisation. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Tim Hartill , Joshua Bensemann , Michael Witbrock , Patricia J. Riddle

Classification systems are evaluated in a countless number of papers. However, we find that evaluation practice is often nebulous. Frequently, metrics are selected without arguments, and blurry terminology invites misconceptions. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Juri Opitz