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Class-level evaluation can conceal substantial performance disparities across subconcepts within the same class, causing models that perform well on average to fail on specific subpopulations. Prior work has shown that common evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Taylor Maxson , Roberto Corizzo , Yaning Wu , Nathalie Japkowicz , Colin Bellinger

With the expansion of data availability, machine learning (ML) has achieved remarkable breakthroughs in both academia and industry. However, imbalanced data distributions are prevalent in various types of raw data and severely hinder the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Xinyi Gao , Dongting Xie , Yihang Zhang , Zhengren Wang , Chong Chen , Conghui He , Hongzhi Yin , Wentao Zhang

In the classification of a class imbalance dataset, the performance measure used for the model selection and comparison to competing methods is a major issue. In order to overcome this problem several performance measures are defined and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Robert Burduk

In real-world classification problems, the class balance in the training dataset does not necessarily reflect that of the test dataset, which can cause significant estimation bias. If the class ratio of the test dataset is known, instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Marthinus Du Plessis , Masashi Sugiyama

Indices quantifying the performance of classifiers under class-imbalance, often suffer from distortions depending on the constitution of the test set or the class-specific classification accuracy, creating difficulties in assessing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Sankha Subhra Mullick , Shounak Datta , Sourish Gunesh Dhekane , Swagatam Das

One of the significant problems associated with imbalanced data classification is the lack of reliable metrics. This runs primarily from the fact that for most real-life (as well as commonly used benchmark) problems, we do not have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Szymon Wojciechowski , Michał Woźniak

Class imbalance, where certain classes have insufficient data, poses a critical challenge for robust classification, often biasing models toward majority classes. Distribution calibration offers a promising avenue to address this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Priyobrata Mondal , Faizanuddin Ansari , Swagatam Das

Category imbalance is one of the most popular and important issues in the domain of classification. Emotion classification model trained on imbalanced datasets easily leads to unreliable prediction. The traditional machine learning method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Lu Jiang , Qi Wang , Yuhang Chang , Jianing Song , Haoyue Fu , Xiaochun Yang

The vast majority of real world classification problems are imbalanced, meaning there are far fewer data from the class of interest (the positive class) than from other classes. We propose two machine learning algorithms to handle highly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-10 Siong Thye Goh , Cynthia Rudin

This study is about inducing classifiers using data that is imbalanced, with a minority class being under-represented in relation to the majority classes. The first section of this research focuses on the main characteristics of data that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Shivaditya Shivganesh , Nitin Narayanan N , Pranav Murali , Ajaykumar M

Learning from an imbalanced dataset is a tricky proposition. Because these datasets are biased towards one class, most existing classifiers tend not to perform well on minority class examples. Conventional classifiers usually aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Tanujit Chakraborty , Ashis Kumar Chakraborty

Time Series Classification (TSC) has drawn a lot of attention in literature because of its broad range of applications for different domains, such as medical data mining, weather forecasting. Although TSC algorithms are designed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Syed Rawshon Jamil

Training of deep neural networks heavily depends on the data distribution. In particular, the networks easily suffer from class imbalance. The trained networks would recognize the frequent classes better than the infrequent classes. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Byungju Kim , Junmo Kim

Pseudo-labeling has proven to be a promising semi-supervised learning (SSL) paradigm. Existing pseudo-labeling methods commonly assume that the class distributions of training data are balanced. However, such an assumption is far from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Renzhen Wang , Xixi Jia , Quanziang Wang , Yichen Wu , Deyu Meng

Many real world data mining applications involve obtaining predictive models using data sets with strongly imbalanced distributions of the target variable. Frequently, the least common values of this target variable are associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-14 Paula Branco , Luis Torgo , Rita Ribeiro

Imbalanced problems can arise in different real-world situations, and to address this, certain strategies in the form of resampling or balancing algorithms are proposed. This issue has largely been studied in the context of classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Juscimara G. Avelino , George D. C. Cavalcanti , Rafael M. O. Cruz

Rapid advancements in genome sequencing have led to the collection of vast amounts of genomics data. Researchers may be interested in using machine learning models on such data to predict the pathogenicity or clinical significance of a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-15 Arshmeet Kaur , Morteza Sarmadi

Mitigating bias in training on biased datasets is an important open problem. Several techniques have been proposed, however the typical evaluation regime is very limited, considering very narrow data conditions. For instance, the effect of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Xudong Han , Aili Shen , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin , Lea Frermann

Class imbalance poses a fundamental challenge in machine learning, frequently leading to unreliable classification performance. While prior methods focus on data- or loss-reweighting schemes, we view imbalance as a data condition that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jakob Hackstein , Sidney Bender

Regression evaluation has been performed for decades. Some metrics have been identified to be robust against shifting and scaling of the data but considering the different distributions of data is much more difficult to address (imbalance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Mario Michael Krell , Bilal Wehbe