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Coupling is a widely used technique in the theoretical study of interacting stochastic processes. In this paper I present an example demonstrating its usefulness also in the efficient computer simulation of such processes. I first describe…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-04-16 Ilmari Karonen

We investigate how to exploit structural similarities of an individual's potential outcomes (POs) under different treatments to obtain better estimates of conditional average treatment effects in finite samples. Especially when it is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-26 Alicia Curth , Mihaela van der Schaar

The treatment allocation mechanism in a randomized clinical trial can be optimized by maximizing the nonparametric efficiency bound for a specific measure of treatment effect. Optimal treatment allocations which may or may not depend on…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-23 Wei Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , Aiyi Liu

We investigate the optimal design of experimental studies that have pre-treatment outcome data available. The average treatment effect is estimated as the difference between the weighted average outcomes of the treated and control units. A…

Paired cluster-randomized experiments (pCRTs) are common across many disciplines because there is often natural clustering of individuals, and paired randomization can help balance baseline covariates to improve experimental precision.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-03 Charlotte Z. Mann , Adam C. Sales , Johann A. Gagnon-Bartsch

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) frequently utilize covariate-adaptive randomization (CAR) (e.g., stratified block randomization) and commonly suffer from imperfect compliance. This paper studies the identification and inference for the…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-02 Federico A. Bugni , Mengsi Gao , Filip Obradovic , Amilcar Velez

Generalizing causal estimates in randomized experiments to a broader target population is essential for guiding decisions by policymakers and practitioners in the social and biomedical sciences. While recent papers developed various…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-03 Melody Huang , Naoki Egami , Erin Hartman , Luke Miratrix

Many real-world problems rely on finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix. The power iteration algorithm is a simple method for determining the largest eigenvalue and associated eigenvector of a general matrix. This algorithm relies…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-23 Congzhou M Sha , Nikolay V Dokholyan

The paper presents an investigation of estimating treatment effect using different matching methods. The study proposed a new method which is computationally efficient and convenient in implication-'largest caliper matching' and compared…

Applications · Statistics 2018-06-07 Sharif Mahmood

Simulation models of critical systems often have parameters that need to be calibrated using observed data. For expensive simulation models, calibration is done using an emulator of the simulation model built on simulation output at…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-24 Özge Sürer , Matthew Plumlee , Stefan M. Wild

In survival analysis, longitudinal information on the health status of a patient can be used to dynamically update the predicted probability that a patient will experience an event of interest. Traditional approaches to dynamic prediction…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-16 Mirko Signorelli

In this work, we revisit the problem of active sequential prediction-powered mean estimation, where at each round one must decide the query probability of the ground-truth label upon observing the covariates of a sample. Furthermore, if the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Maria-Eleni Sfyraki , Jun-Kun Wang

Observational cohort studies are increasingly being used for comparative effectiveness research to assess the safety of therapeutics. Recently, various doubly robust methods have been proposed for average treatment effect estimation by…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-11 Xiaoqing Tan , Shu Yang , Wenyu Ye , Douglas E. Faries , Ilya Lipkovich , Zbigniew Kadziola

We propose a general framework for sequential and dynamic acquisition of useful information in order to solve a particular task. While our goal could in principle be tackled by general reinforcement learning, our particular setting is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-09 He He , Paul Mineiro , Nikos Karampatziakis

The core of the general recommender systems lies in learning high-quality embedding representations of users and items to investigate their positional relations in the feature space. Unfortunately, data sparsity caused by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yi Zhang , Yiwen Zhang

Understanding and characterizing treatment effect variation in randomized experiments has become essential for going beyond the "black box" of the average treatment effect. Nonetheless, traditional statistical approaches often ignore or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-31 Peng Ding , Avi Feller , Luke Miratrix

Use of historical control data to augment a small internal control arm in a randomized control trial (RCT) can lead to significant improvement of the efficiency of the trial. It introduces the risk of potential bias, since the historical…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-05 Jixian Wang , Hongtao Zhang , Ram Tiwari

Learning the continuous dynamics of a system from snapshots of its temporal marginals is a problem which appears throughout natural sciences and machine learning, including in quantum systems, single-cell biological data, and generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Kirill Neklyudov , Rob Brekelmans , Daniel Severo , Alireza Makhzani

Many applied decision-making problems have a dynamic component: The policymaker needs not only to choose whom to treat, but also when to start which treatment. For example, a medical doctor may choose between postponing treatment (watchful…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-01 Xinkun Nie , Emma Brunskill , Stefan Wager

We study a sequential resource allocation problem involving a fixed number of recurring jobs. At each time-step the manager should distribute available resources among the jobs in order to maximise the expected number of completed jobs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Tor Lattimore , Koby Crammer , Csaba Szepesvári