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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely deployed in industry, making their intellectual property valuable. However, protecting GNNs from unauthorized use remains a challenge. Watermarking offers a solution by embedding ownership information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jane Downer , Yingdan Shi , Ziyan Liu , Ren Wang , Binghui Wang

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, a type of adversarial attack that poisons the training data to manipulate the behavior of models trained on such data. Clean-label attacks are a more stealthy form of backdoor attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Quang H. Nguyen , Nguyen Ngoc-Hieu , The-Anh Ta , Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Kok-Seng Wong , Hoang Thanh-Tung , Khoa D. Doan

Recent fine-tuning techniques for diffusion models enable them to reproduce specific image sets, such as particular faces or artistic styles, but also introduce copyright and security risks. Dataset watermarking has been proposed to ensure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xincheng Wang , Hanchi Sun , Wenjun Sun , Kejun Xue , Wangqiu Zhou , Jianbo Zhang , Wei Sun , Dandan Zhu , Xiongkuo Min , Jun Jia , Zhijun Fang

Deep learning has achieved tremendous success in numerous industrial applications. As training a good model often needs massive high-quality data and computation resources, the learned models often have significant business values. However,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Jie Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Jing Liao , Han Fang , Weiming Zhang , Wenbo Zhou , Hao Cui , Nenghai Yu

As machine learning systems grow in scale, so do their training data requirements, forcing practitioners to automate and outsource the curation of training data in order to achieve state-of-the-art performance. The absence of trustworthy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Micah Goldblum , Dimitris Tsipras , Chulin Xie , Xinyun Chen , Avi Schwarzschild , Dawn Song , Aleksander Madry , Bo Li , Tom Goldstein

Large language models (LLMs) are pre-trained and post-trained on vast amounts of loosely curated data, raising the possibility that these models may have been trained on proprietary datasets or the same benchmarks used for evaluation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Pengrun Huang , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Yu-Xiang Wang

Backdoor-based watermarking schemes were proposed to protect the intellectual property of artificial intelligence models, especially deep neural networks, under the black-box setting. Compared with ordinary backdoors, backdoor-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Fangqi Li , Shilin Wang , Yun Zhu

Adoption of machine learning models across industries have turned Neural Networks (DNNs) into a prized Intellectual Property (IP), which needs to be protected from being stolen or being used without authorization. This topic gave rise to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yi Hao Puah , Anh Tu Ngo , Nandish Chattopadhyay , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple participants to collaboratively build deep learning (DL) models without directly sharing data. Consequently, the issue of copyright protection in FL becomes important since unreliable participants may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Wenyuan Yang , Shuo Shao , Yue Yang , Xiyao Liu , Ximeng Liu , Zhihua Xia , Gerald Schaefer , Hui Fang

With the significant advances in deep generative models for image and video synthesis, Deepfakes and manipulated media have raised severe societal concerns. Conventional machine learning classifiers for deepfake detection often fail to cope…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Aakash Varma Nadimpalli , Ajita Rattani

Data poisoning attacks compromise the integrity of machine-learning models by introducing malicious training samples to influence the results during test time. In this work, we investigate backdoor data poisoning attack on deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Mahesh Subedar , Nilesh Ahuja , Ranganath Krishnan , Ibrahima J. Ndiour , Omesh Tickoo

Deep Neural Networks have recently gained lots of success after enabling several breakthroughs in notoriously challenging problems. Training these networks is computationally expensive and requires vast amounts of training data. Selling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Yossi Adi , Carsten Baum , Moustapha Cisse , Benny Pinkas , Joseph Keshet

Watermarking has been widely adopted for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to defend the unauthorized distribution. Unfortunately, the popular data-poisoning DNN watermarking scheme relies on target…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Run Wang , Jixing Ren , Boheng Li , Tianyi She , Chenhao Lin , Liming Fang , Jing Chen , Chao Shen , Lina Wang

Technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) facilitate digital contents such as images being acquired in a massive way. However, consideration from the privacy or legislation perspective still demands the need for intellectual content…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Yurui Ming , Weiping Ding , Zehong Cao , Chin-Teng Lin

Backdoor watermarking has emerged as the predominant approach for protecting public datasets, enabling dataset ownership verification (DOV) through embedded triggers that induce predefined model behaviors. While existing works assume that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhiying Li , Zhi Liu , Dongjie Liu , Shengda Zhuo , Guanggang Geng , Zhaoxin Fan , Shanxiang Lyu , Xiaobo Jin , Jian Weng

Deep learning has been achieving top performance in many tasks. Since training of a deep learning model requires a great deal of cost, we need to treat neural network models as valuable intellectual properties. One concern in such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Ryota Namba , Jun Sakuma

Website Fingerprinting (WF) is an effective tool for regulating and governing the dark web. However, its performance can be significantly degraded by backdoor poisoning attacks in practical deployments. This paper aims to address the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yali Yuan , Kai Xu , Ruolin Ma , Yuchen Zhang

Recently, self-supervised learning (SSL) was shown to be vulnerable to patch-based data poisoning backdoor attacks. It was shown that an adversary can poison a small part of the unlabeled data so that when a victim trains an SSL model on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Ajinkya Tejankar , Maziar Sanjabi , Qifan Wang , Sinong Wang , Hamed Firooz , Hamed Pirsiavash , Liang Tan

Code datasets are of immense value for training neural-network-based code completion models, where companies or organizations have made substantial investments to establish and process these datasets. Unluckily, these datasets, either built…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zhensu Sun , Xiaoning Du , Fu Song , Li Li

Watermarking is an important copyright protection technology which generally embeds the identity information into the carrier imperceptibly. Then the identity can be extracted to prove the copyright from the watermarked carrier even after…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Sulong Ge , Zhihua Xia , Jianwei Fei , Xingming Sun , Jian Weng