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Clinical trials offer a fundamental opportunity to discover new treatments and advance the medical knowledge. However, the uncertainty of the outcome of a trial can lead to unforeseen costs and setbacks. In this study, we propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Georgios Katsimpras , Georgios Paliouras

The fundamental process of evidence extraction and synthesis in evidence-based medicine involves extracting PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) elements from biomedical literature. However, Outcomes, being the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yiliang Zhou , Abigail M. Newbury , Gongbo Zhang , Betina Ross Idnay , Hao Liu , Chunhua Weng , Yifan Peng

Outcome prediction from clinical text can prevent doctors from overlooking possible risks and help hospitals to plan capacities. We simulate patients at admission time, when decision support can be especially valuable, and contribute a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Betty van Aken , Jens-Michalis Papaioannou , Manuel Mayrdorfer , Klemens Budde , Felix A. Gers , Alexander Löser

Results from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) establish the comparative effectiveness of interventions, and are in turn critical inputs for evidence-based care. However, results from RCTs are presented in (often unstructured) natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Somin Wadhwa , Jay DeYoung , Benjamin Nye , Silvio Amir , Byron C. Wallace

Many existing models for clinical trial outcome prediction are optimized using task-specific loss functions on trial phase-specific data. While this scheme may boost prediction for common diseases and drugs, it can hinder learning of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yiqing Zhang , Xiaozhong Liu , Fabricio Murai

How do we know if a particular medical treatment actually works? Ideally one would consult all available evidence from relevant clinical trials. Unfortunately, such results are primarily disseminated in natural language scientific articles,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Eric Lehman , Jay DeYoung , Regina Barzilay , Byron C. Wallace

The clinical trial is a pivotal and costly process, often spanning multiple years and requiring substantial financial resources. Therefore, the development of clinical trial outcome prediction models aims to exclude drugs likely to fail and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Wenhao Zheng , Liaoyaqi Wang , Dongshen Peng , Hongxia Xu , Yun Li , Hongtu Zhu , Tianfan Fu , Huaxiu Yao

Clinical trials are a systematic endeavor to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs or treatments. Conducting such trials typically demands significant financial investment and meticulous planning, highlighting the need for accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Tien Huu Do , Antoine Masquelier , Nae Eoun Lee , Jonathan Crowther

Clinical trials are crucial for drug development but are time consuming, expensive, and often burdensome on patients. More importantly, clinical trials face uncertain outcomes due to issues with efficacy, safety, or problems with patient…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Tianfan Fu , Kexin Huang , Cao Xiao , Lucas M. Glass , Jimeng Sun

Clinical trials need to recruit a sufficient number of volunteer patients to demonstrate the statistical power of the treatment (e.g., a new drug) in curing a certain disease. Clinical trial recruitment has a significant impact on trial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Ling Yue , Sixue Xing , Jintai Chen , Tianfan Fu

Clinical trials are critical for drug development. Constructing the appropriate eligibility criteria (i.e., the inclusion/exclusion criteria for patient recruitment) is essential for the trial's success. Proper design of clinical trial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zifeng Wang , Cao Xiao , Jimeng Sun

We present BEEP (Biomedical Evidence-Enhanced Predictions), a novel approach for clinical outcome prediction that retrieves patient-specific medical literature and incorporates it into predictive models. Based on each individual patient's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Aakanksha Naik , Sravanthi Parasa , Sergey Feldman , Lucy Lu Wang , Tom Hope

Failure is common in clinical trials since the successful failures presented in negative results always indicate the ways that should not be taken. In this paper, we proposed an automated approach to extracting positive and negative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Xuanyu Shi , Shiyao Xie , Wenjia Wang , Ting Chen , Jian Du

Due to increased access to clinical trial outcomes and analysis, researchers and scientists are able to iterate or improve upon relevant approaches more effectively. However, the metrics and related results of clinical trials typically do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Shwetha Bharadwaj , Melanie Laffin

In recent years, there has been a surge in the publication of clinical trial reports, making it challenging to conduct systematic reviews. Automatically extracting Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) from clinical trial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Madhusudan Ghosh , Shrimon Mukherjee , Asmit Ganguly , Partha Basuchowdhuri , Sudip Kumar Naskar , Debasis Ganguly

How do we most effectively treat a disease or condition? Ideally, we could consult a database of evidence gleaned from clinical trials to answer such questions. Unfortunately, no such database exists; clinical trial results are instead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Jay DeYoung , Eric Lehman , Ben Nye , Iain J. Marshall , Byron C. Wallace

A major impediment to successful drug development is the complexity, cost, and scale of clinical trials. The detailed internal structure of clinical trial data can make conventional optimization difficult to achieve. Recent advances in…

The impact of machine learning models on healthcare will depend on the degree of trust that healthcare professionals place in the predictions made by these models. In this paper, we present a method to provide people with clinical expertise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Aniruddh Raghu , John Guttag , Katherine Young , Eugene Pomerantsev , Adrian V. Dalca , Collin M. Stultz

Clinical evidence encompasses the associations and impacts between patients, interventions (such as drugs or physiotherapy), problems, and outcomes. The goal of recommending clinical evidence is to provide medical practitioners with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Maolin Luo , Xiang Zhang

Clinical trials are a critical component of evaluating the effectiveness of new medical interventions and driving advancements in medical research. Therefore, timely enrollment of patients is crucial to prevent delays or premature…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Georgios Peikos , Symeon Symeonidis , Pranav Kasela , Gabriella Pasi
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