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Prime factorization is an outstanding problem in arithmetic, with important consequences in a variety of fields, most notably cryptography. Here we employ the intriguing analogy between prime factorization and optical interferometry in…
We estimate from below the lower density of the set of prime numbers p such that p-1 has a prime factor of size at least p^c, where c lies in between 1/4 and 1/2. We also establish upper and lower bounds on the counting function of the set…
Fast algorithms for integer and polynomial multiplication play an important role in scientific computing as well as in other disciplines. In 1971, Sch{\"o}nhage and Strassen designed an algorithm that improved the multiplication time for…
The assumed computationally difficulty of factoring large integers forms the basis of security for RSA public-key cryptography, which specifically relies on products of two large primes or semi-primes. The best-known factoring algorithms…
We construct simplified quantum circuits for Shor's order-finding algorithm for composites N given by products of the Fermat primes 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65537. Such composites, including the previously studied case of 15, as well as 51, 85,…
Leader election is, together with consensus, one of the most central problems in distributed computing. This paper presents a distributed algorithm, called \STT, for electing deterministically a leader in an arbitrary network, assuming…
Submodular maximization is one of the central topics in combinatorial optimization. It has found numerous applications in the real world. In the past decades, a series of algorithms have been proposed for this problem. However, most of the…
Probabilistic computing has been introduced to operate functional networks using a probabilistic bit (p-bit), generating 0 or 1 probabilistically from its electrical input. In contrast to quantum computers, probabilistic computing enables…
Let $a,k\in\mathbb{N}$. For the $k-1$-th iterate of the exponential function $x\mapsto a^x$, also known as tetration, we write \[ ^k a:=a^{a^{.^{.^{.^{a}}}}}. \] In this paper, we show how an efficient algorithm for tetration modulo natural…
For a positive integer $n$, we denote by $F(n)$ the distance from $n$ to the nearest prime number. We prove that every sufficiently large positive integer $N$ can be represented as the sum $N=n_1+n_2$, where $$ F(n_i) \geqslant (\log…
Withdrawn by the author due to irreparable errors. We present a quantum algorithm that in the black-box model performs a search in an ordered list of N elements. Using 3/4 log N + O(1) queries, it achieves a success probability of at least…
We develop a fast algorithm for computing the bound of an Ore polynomial over a skew field, under mild conditions. As an application, we state a criterion for deciding whether a bounded Ore polynomial is irreducible, and we discuss a…
Let n be any odd natural number other than a perfect square, in this article it is demonstrated that this new factorization algorithm is much more efficient than the implementation technique [2,3 p.1470], described in this article, of the…
Let $n = \mathrm{p}\!\cdot\!\mathrm{q}$ (p < q) and $\Delta = \lvert p-q \rvert$, where p,q are odd integers, then, it is hypothesized that factorizing this composite n will take O(1) time once the steady state value is reached for any…
In many simple integral domains, such as $\mathbb{Z}$ or $\mathbb{Z}[i]$, there is a straightforward procedure to determine if an element is prime by simply reducing to a direct check of finitely many potential divisors. Despite the fact…
We demonstrate that a modification of the classical index calculus algorithm can be used to factor integers. More generally, we reduce the factoring problem to finding an overdetermined system of multiplicative relations in any factor base…
We present an algorithm for computing discriminants and prime ideal decomposition in number fields. The algorithm is a refinement of a p-adic factorization method based on Newton polygons of higher order. The running-time and memory…
We have developed a framework to convert an arbitrary integer factorization problem to an executable Ising model by first writing it as an optimization function and then transforming the k-bit coupling ($k\geq 3$) terms to quadratic terms…
This paper introduces the theory and hardware implementation of two new algorithms for computing a single component of the discrete Fourier transform. In terms of multiplicative complexity, both algorithms are more efficient, in general,…
Current asymmetric cryptography is based on the principle that while classical computers can efficiently multiply large integers, the inverse operation, factorization, is significantly more complex. For sufficiently large integers, this…