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In this paper, we propose a novel configurable framework to automatically generate distractive choices for open-domain cloze-style multiple-choice questions, which incorporates a general-purpose knowledge base to effectively create a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Siyu Ren , Kenny Q. Zhu

We investigate the task of distractor generation for multiple choice reading comprehension questions from examinations. In contrast to all previous works, we do not aim at preparing words or short phrases distractors, instead, we endeavor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Yifan Gao , Lidong Bing , Piji Li , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

This paper presents a novel approach to automatic generation of adequate distractors for a given question-answer pair (QAP) generated from a given article to form an adequate multiple-choice question (MCQ). Our method is a combination of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Cheng Zhang , Yicheng Sun , Hejia Chen , Jie Wang

In reading comprehension, generating sentence-level distractors is a significant task, which requires a deep understanding of the article and question. The traditional entity-centered methods can only generate word-level or phrase-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Xiaorui Zhou , Senlin Luo , Yunfang Wu

Manually designing cloze test consumes enormous time and efforts. The major challenge lies in wrong option (distractor) selection. Having carefully-design distractors improves the effectiveness of learner ability assessment. As a result,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Shang-Hsuan Chiang , Ssu-Cheng Wang , Yao-Chung Fan

We present and analyze results from a pilot study that explores how crowdsourcing can be used in the process of generating distractors (incorrect answer choices) in multiple-choice concept inventories (conceptual tests of understanding). To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Travis Scheponik , Enis Golaszewski , Geoffrey Herman , Spencer Offenberger , Linda Oliva , Peter A. H. Peterson , Alan T. Sherman

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. When applied to RLVR, Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) offer a scalable source of verifiable data but risk…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xu Guo , Qiming Ge , Jian Tong , Kedi Chen , Jin Zhang , Xiaogui Yang , Xuan Gao , Haijun Lv , Zhihui Lu , Yicheng Zou , Qipeng Guo

Generative dialogue models suffer badly from the generic response problem, limiting their applications to a few toy scenarios. Recently, an interesting approach, namely negative training, has been proposed to alleviate this problem by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Bin Sun , Kan Li

The data imbalance problem is a frequent bottleneck in the classification performance of neural networks. In this paper, we propose a novel supervised discriminative feature generation (DFG) method for a minority class dataset. DFG is based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Sungho Suh , Paul Lukowicz , Yong Oh Lee

This paper introduces DualReward, a novel reinforcement learning framework for automatic distractor generation in cloze tests. Unlike conventional approaches that rely primarily on supervised learning or static generative models, our method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Tianyou Huang , Xinglu Chen , Jingshen Zhang , Xinying Qiu , Ruiying Niu

We introduce a multi-stage prompting approach (MSP) for the generation of multiple choice questions (MCQs), harnessing the capabilities of GPT models such as text-davinci-003 and GPT-4, renowned for their excellence across various NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy , Sudeshna Sarkar

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting is widely adopted for mathematical problem solving, including in low-resource languages, yet its behavior under irrelevant context remains underexplored. To systematically study this challenge, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zabir Al Nazi , Shubhashis Roy Dipta , Sudipta Kar

We present a generative method called CQG for constructing cloze questions from a given article using neural networks and WordNet, with an emphasis on generating multigram distractors. Built on sense disambiguation, text-to-text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yicheng Sun , Jie Wang

Automatic question generation aims at the generation of questions from a context, with the corresponding answers being sub-spans of the given passage. Whereas, most of the methods mostly rely on heuristic rules to generate questions, more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Tassilo Klein , Moin Nabi

Existing text generation methods tend to produce repeated and "boring" expressions. To tackle this problem, we propose a new text generation model, called Diversity-Promoting Generative Adversarial Network (DP-GAN). The proposed model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-22 Jingjing Xu , Xuancheng Ren , Junyang Lin , Xu Sun

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate distractors for multiple-choice questions (MCQs), especially in domains like math education. However, existing approaches are limited in ensuring that the generated distractors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Nisarg Parikh , Nigel Fernandez , Alexander Scarlatos , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Multiple-choice tests are a common approach for assessing candidates' comprehension skills. Standard multiple-choice reading comprehension exams require candidates to select the correct answer option from a discrete set based on a question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Vatsal Raina , Adian Liusie , Mark Gales

We present DiffusionBERT, a new generative masked language model based on discrete diffusion models. Diffusion models and many pre-trained language models have a shared training objective, i.e., denoising, making it possible to combine the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Zhengfu He , Tianxiang Sun , Kuanning Wang , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

We present BERTGEN, a novel generative, decoder-only model which extends BERT by fusing multimodal and multilingual pretrained models VL-BERT and M-BERT, respectively. BERTGEN is auto-regressively trained for language generation tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Faidon Mitzalis , Ozan Caglayan , Pranava Madhyastha , Lucia Specia

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology enables a range of enhancements in computer-aided instruction, from accelerating the creation of teaching materials to customizing learning paths based on learner outcomes. However, ensuring the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Christina Perdikoulias , Chad Vance , Stephen M. Watt