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High Definition (HD) maps are maps with precise definitions of road lanes with rich semantics of the traffic rules. They are critical for several key stages in an autonomous driving system, including motion forecasting and planning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Lu Mi , Hang Zhao , Charlie Nash , Xiaohan Jin , Jiyang Gao , Chen Sun , Cordelia Schmid , Nir Shavit , Yuning Chai , Dragomir Anguelov

The prediction of surrounding agents' motion is a key for safe autonomous driving. In this paper, we explore navigation maps as an alternative to the predominant High Definition (HD) maps for learning-based motion prediction. Navigation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Julian Schmidt , Julian Jordan , Franz Gritschneder , Thomas Monninger , Klaus Dietmayer

Autonomous driving systems have achieved significant advances, and full autonomy within defined operational design domains near practical deployment. Expanding these domains requires addressing safety assurance under diverse conditions.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Shunsuke Ito , Chaoran Zhao , Ryo Okamura , Takuya Azumi

While High Definition (HD) Maps have long been favored for their precise depictions of static road elements, their accessibility constraints and susceptibility to rapid environmental changes impede the widespread deployment of autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Jing-Yan Liao , Parth Doshi , Zihan Zhang , David Paz , Henrik Christensen

Through connecting intelligent vehicles as well as the roadside infrastructure, the perception range of vehicles can be significantly extended, and hidden objects at blind spots can be efficiently detected and avoided. To realize this,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Ivan Wang-Hei Ho , Sid Chi-Kin Chau , Elmer R. Magsino , Kanghao Jia

Accurate localization is of crucial importance for autonomous driving tasks. Nowadays, we have seen a lot of sensor-rich vehicles (e.g. Robo-taxi) driving on the street autonomously, which rely on high-accurate sensors (e.g. Lidar and RTK…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Tong Qin , Yuxin Zheng , Tongqing Chen , Yilun Chen , Qing Su

Autonomous vehicles demand detailed maps to maneuver reliably through traffic, which need to be kept up-to-date to ensure a safe operation. A promising way to adapt the maps to the ever-changing road-network is to use crowd-sourced data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Markus Herb , Nassir Navab , Federico Tombari

In a world where autonomous driving cars are becoming increasingly more common, creating an adequate infrastructure for this new technology is essential. This includes building and labeling high-definition (HD) maps accurately and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Mahdi Elhousni , Yecheng Lyu , Ziming Zhang , Xinming Huang

While recent online HD mapping methods relieve burdened offline pipelines and solve map freshness, they remain limited by perceptual inaccuracies, occlusion in dense traffic, and an inability to fuse multi-agent observations. We propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yuheng Du , Sheng Yang , Lingxuan Wang , Zhenghua Hou , Chengying Cai , Zhitao Tan , Mingxia Chen , Shi-Sheng Huang , Qiang Li

Most autonomous cars rely on the availability of high-definition (HD) maps. Current research aims to address this constraint by directly predicting HD map elements from onboard sensors and reasoning about the relationships between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Khanh Son Pham , Christian Witte , Jens Behley , Johannes Betz , Cyrill Stachniss

Urban environments offer a challenging scenario for autonomous driving. Globally localizing information, such as a GPS signal, can be unreliable due to signal shadowing and multipath errors. Detailed a priori maps of the environment with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Jordan Chipka

High-definition road maps play a crucial role in the functionality and verification of highly automated driving functions. These contain precise information about the road network, geometry, condition, as well as traffic signs. Despite…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Leon Eisemann , Johannes Maucher

High-definition (HD) semantic map generation of the environment is an essential component of autonomous driving. Existing methods have achieved good performance in this task by fusing different sensor modalities, such as LiDAR and camera.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Hao Dong , Weihao Gu , Xianjing Zhang , Jintao Xu , Rui Ai , Huimin Lu , Juho Kannala , Xieyuanli Chen

In recent years, end-to-end autonomous driving has attracted increasing attention for its ability to jointly model perception, prediction, and planning within a unified framework. However, most existing approaches underutilize the online…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Huilin Yin , Yiming Kan , Daniel Watzenig

The paper addresses the problem of providing suitable reference trajectories in motion planning problems for autonomous vehicles. Among the various approaches to compute a reference trajectory, our aim is to find those trajectories which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-24 Matthias Gerdts , Björn Martens

Crowdsourcing enables scalable autonomous driving map construction, but low-cost sensor noise hinders quality from improving with data volume. We propose CSMapping, a system that produces accurate semantic maps and topological road…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zhijian Qiao , Zehuan Yu , Tong Li , Chih-Chung Chou , Wenchao Ding , Shaojie Shen

Autonomous vehicles rely on precise high definition (HD) 3d maps for navigation. This paper presents the mapping component of an end-to-end system for crowdsourcing precise 3d maps with semantically meaningful landmarks such as traffic…

Today's autonomous vehicles rely extensively on high-definition 3D maps to navigate the environment. While this approach works well when these maps are completely up-to-date, safe autonomous vehicles must be able to corroborate the map's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-09 Ari Seff , Jianxiong Xiao

High-definition (HD) maps are essential in testing autonomous driving systems (ADSs). HD maps essentially determine the potential diversity of the testing scenarios. However, the current HD maps suffer from two main limitations: lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Kairui Yang , Ziyuan Zhong , Baishakhi Ray , Yang Liu , Ping Zhang , Junbo Chen

High-definition (HD) maps are crucial to autonomous driving, providing structured representations of road elements to support navigation and planning. However, existing query-based methods often employ random query initialization and depend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Bo Lang , Nirav Savaliya , Zhihao Zheng , Jinglun Feng , Zheng-Hang Yeh , Mooi Choo Chuah