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Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities in literal multimodal tasks such as visual mathematics and science question answering. However, figurative language, such as sarcasm, humor, and metaphor, remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Seyyed Saeid Cheshmi , Hahnemann Ortiz , James Mooney , Dongyeop Kang

Commonsense reasoning is a long-standing challenge for deep learning. For example, it is difficult to use neural networks to tackle the Winograd Schema dataset (Levesque et al., 2011). In this paper, we present a simple method for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Trieu H. Trinh , Quoc V. Le

Even from a single frame of a still image, people can reason about the dynamic story of the image before, after, and beyond the frame. For example, given an image of a man struggling to stay afloat in water, we can reason that the man fell…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Jae Sung Park , Chandra Bhagavatula , Roozbeh Mottaghi , Ali Farhadi , Yejin Choi

Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) predicts an answer with corresponding rationale, given a question-image input. VCR is a recently introduced visual scene understanding task with a wide range of applications, including visual question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Xuejiao Tang , Xin Huang , Wenbin Zhang , Travers B. Child , Qiong Hu , Zhen Liu , Ji Zhang

Natural language rationales could provide intuitive, higher-level explanations that are easily understandable by humans, complementing the more broadly studied lower-level explanations based on gradients or attention weights. We present the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Ana Marasović , Chandra Bhagavatula , Jae Sung Park , Ronan Le Bras , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi

Given a question-image input, the Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) model can predict an answer with the corresponding rationale, which requires inference ability from the real world. The VCR task, which calls for exploiting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xuejiao Tang , Wenbin Zhang

The task of video-based commonsense captioning aims to generate event-wise captions and meanwhile provide multiple commonsense descriptions (e.g., attribute, effect and intention) about the underlying event in the video. Prior works explore…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Weijiang Yu , Jian Liang , Lei Ji , Lu Li , Yuejian Fang , Nong Xiao , Nan Duan

Contextualized representations trained over large raw text data have given remarkable improvements for NLP tasks including question answering and reading comprehension. There have been works showing that syntactic, semantic and word sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Xuhui Zhou , Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Dandan Huang

Representation learning is the foundation of natural language processing (NLP). This work presents new methods to employ visual information as assistant signals to general NLP tasks. For each sentence, we first retrieve a flexible number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zhuosheng Zhang , Kehai Chen , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

We propose the Neuro-Symbolic Concept Learner (NS-CL), a model that learns visual concepts, words, and semantic parsing of sentences without explicit supervision on any of them; instead, our model learns by simply looking at images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Jiayuan Mao , Chuang Gan , Pushmeet Kohli , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jiajun Wu

Large text-to-image models have achieved astonishing performance in synthesizing diverse and high-quality images guided by texts. With detail-oriented conditioning control, even finer-grained spatial control can be achieved. However, some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuhe Liu , Mengxue Kang , Zengchang Qin , Xiangxiang Chu

The "thinking with images" paradigm represents a pivotal shift in the reasoning of Vision Language Models (VLMs), moving from text-dominant chain-of-thought to image-interactive reasoning. By invoking visual tools or generating intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chi Zhang , Haibo Qiu , Qiming Zhang , Zhixiong Zeng , Lin Ma , Jing Zhang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal extensions (MLLMs) have substantially enhanced machine reasoning across diverse tasks. However, these models predominantly rely on pure text as the medium for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yi Xu , Chengzu Li , Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Caiqi Zhang , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks and domains. Despite this promise, spatial understanding and reasoning -- a fundamental component of human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jiayu Wang , Yifei Ming , Zhenmei Shi , Vibhav Vineet , Xin Wang , Yixuan Li , Neel Joshi

Visual commonsense understanding requires Vision Language (VL) models to not only understand image and text but also cross-reference in-between to fully integrate and achieve comprehension of the visual scene described. Recently, various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zhecan Wang , Haoxuan You , Yicheng He , Wenhao Li , Kai-Wei Chang , Shih-Fu Chang

Large-scale commonsense knowledge bases empower a broad range of AI applications, where the automatic extraction of commonsense knowledge (CKE) is a fundamental and challenging problem. CKE from text is known for suffering from the inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Yuan Yao , Tianyu Yu , Ao Zhang , Mengdi Li , Ruobing Xie , Cornelius Weber , Zhiyuan Liu , Hai-Tao Zheng , Stefan Wermter , Tat-Seng Chua , Maosong Sun

Logic reasoning is a significant ability of human intelligence and also an important task in artificial intelligence. The existing logic reasoning methods, quite often, need to design some reasoning patterns beforehand. This has led to an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Qian Guo , Yuhua Qian , Xinyan Liang , Yanhong She , Deyu Li , Jiye Liang

Humans use natural language to compose common concepts from their environment into plausible, day-to-day scene descriptions. However, such generative commonsense reasoning (GCSR) skills are lacking in state-of-the-art text generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-09 PeiFeng Wang , Jonathan Zamora , Junfeng Liu , Filip Ilievski , Muhao Chen , Xiang Ren

The neural machine translation model has suffered from the lack of large-scale parallel corpora. In contrast, we humans can learn multi-lingual translations even without parallel texts by referring our languages to the external world. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Shizhe Chen , Qin Jin , Jianlong Fu

Answering complex questions about images is an ambitious goal for machine intelligence, which requires a joint understanding of images, text, and commonsense knowledge, as well as a strong reasoning ability. Recently, multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Zhecan Wang , Haoxuan You , Liunian Harold Li , Alireza Zareian , Suji Park , Yiqing Liang , Kai-Wei Chang , Shih-Fu Chang