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Batch Normalization (BN) is a popular technique for training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). BN uses scaling and shifting to normalize activations of mini-batches to accelerate convergence and improve generalization. The recently proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Shengdong Zhang , Ehsan Nezhadarya , Homa Fashandi , Jiayi Liu , Darin Graham , Mohak Shah

Normalization is a pre-processing step that converts the data into a more usable representation. As part of the deep neural networks (DNNs), the batch normalization (BN) technique uses normalization to address the problem of internal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Bilal Faye , Mohamed-Djallel Dilmi , Hanane Azzag , Mustapha Lebbah , Djamel Bouchaffra

Batch Normalization (BN) has played a pivotal role in the success of deep learning by improving training stability, mitigating overfitting, and enabling more effective optimization. However, its adoption in deep reinforcement learning (DRL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Li Wang , Sudun , Xingjian Zhang , Wenjun Wu , Lei Huang

Continual learning entails learning a sequence of tasks and balancing their knowledge appropriately. With limited access to old training samples, much of the current work in deep neural networks has focused on overcoming catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Yilin Lyu , Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Zicheng Sun , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Liping Jing

This paper first answers the question "why do the two most powerful techniques Dropout and Batch Normalization (BN) often lead to a worse performance when they are combined together?" in both theoretical and statistical aspects.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Xiang Li , Shuo Chen , Xiaolin Hu , Jian Yang

Batch Normalization has become one of the essential components in CNN. It allows the network to use a higher learning rate and speed up training. And the network doesn't need to be initialized carefully. However, in our work, we find that a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Chuan Liu , Yi Gao , Jiancheng Lv

Batch Normalization (BN) has become an out-of-box technique to improve deep network training. However, its effectiveness is limited for micro-batch training, i.e., each GPU typically has only 1-2 images for training, which is inevitable for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Siyuan Qiao , Huiyu Wang , Chenxi Liu , Wei Shen , Alan Yuille

Deep neural networks (DNN) have shown unprecedented success in various computer vision applications such as image classification and object detection. However, it is still a common annoyance during the training phase, that one has to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Yanghao Li , Naiyan Wang , Jianping Shi , Jiaying Liu , Xiaodi Hou

This study introduces a new normalization layer termed Batch Layer Normalization (BLN) to reduce the problem of internal covariate shift in deep neural network layers. As a combined version of batch and layer normalization, BLN adaptively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Amir Ziaee , Erion Çano

Batch Normalization (BN) is a core and prevalent technique in accelerating the training of deep neural networks and improving the generalization on Computer Vision (CV) tasks. However, it fails to defend its position in Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jiaxi Wang , Ji Wu , Lei Huang

Batch Normalization (BN) improves both convergence and generalization in training neural networks. This work understands these phenomena theoretically. We analyze BN by using a basic block of neural networks, consisting of a kernel layer, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Ping Luo , Xinjiang Wang , Wenqi Shao , Zhanglin Peng

Batch Normalization (BN) is ubiquitously employed for accelerating neural network training and improving the generalization capability by performing standardization within mini-batches. Decorrelated Batch Normalization (DBN) further boosts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Lei Huang , Yi Zhou , Fan Zhu , Li Liu , Ling Shao

Training Deep Neural Networks is complicated by the fact that the distribution of each layer's inputs changes during training, as the parameters of the previous layers change. This slows down the training by requiring lower learning rates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Sergey Ioffe , Christian Szegedy

This paper proposes a novel batch normalization strategy for test-time adaptation. Recent test-time adaptation methods heavily rely on the modified batch normalization, i.e., transductive batch normalization (TBN), which calculates the mean…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Hyesu Lim , Byeonggeun Kim , Jaegul Choo , Sungha Choi

Deep convolutional neural networks are known to be unstable during training at high learning rate unless normalization techniques are employed. Normalizing weights or activations allows the use of higher learning rates, resulting in faster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Brendan Ruff , Taylor Beck , Joscha Bach

Batch normalization (BN) has become a de facto standard for training deep convolutional networks. However, BN accounts for a significant fraction of training run-time and is difficult to accelerate, since it is a memory-bandwidth bounded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Igor Gitman , Boris Ginsburg

Existing continual learning methods use Batch Normalization (BN) to facilitate training and improve generalization across tasks. However, the non-i.i.d and non-stationary nature of continual learning data, especially in the online setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Quang Pham , Chenghao Liu , Steven Hoi

There is a growing concern about applying batch normalization (BN) in adversarial training (AT), especially when the model is trained on both adversarial samples and clean samples (termed Hybrid-AT). With the assumption that adversarial and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Chenshuang Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Kang Zhang , Axi Niu , Junmo Kim , In So Kweon

Deep neural networks have gained tremendous popularity in last few years. They have been applied for the task of classification in almost every domain. Despite the success, deep networks can be incredibly slow to train for even moderate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Gaurav Singh , John Shawe-Taylor

Training state-of-the-art, deep neural networks is computationally expensive. One way to reduce the training time is to normalize the activities of the neurons. A recently introduced technique called batch normalization uses the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-22 Jimmy Lei Ba , Jamie Ryan Kiros , Geoffrey E. Hinton