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A key challenge in program synthesis is the astronomical size of the search space the synthesizer has to explore. In response to this challenge, recent work proposed to guide synthesis using learned probabilistic models. Obtaining such a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Shraddha Barke , Hila Peleg , Nadia Polikarpova

Automated Synthesis Planning has recently re-emerged as a research area at the intersection of chemistry and machine learning. Despite the appearance of steady progress, we argue that imperfect benchmarks and inconsistent comparisons mask…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Krzysztof Maziarz , Austin Tripp , Guoqing Liu , Megan Stanley , Shufang Xie , Piotr Gaiński , Philipp Seidl , Marwin Segler

Benchmarking is essential for developing and evaluating black-box optimization algorithms, providing a structured means to analyze their search behavior. Its effectiveness relies on carefully selected problem sets used for evaluation. To…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Iván Olarte Rodríguez , Maria Laura Santoni , Fabian Duddeck , Carola Doerr , Thomas Bäck , Elena Raponi

Bayesian optimization is a powerful method for automating tuning of compilers. The complex landscape of autotuning provides a myriad of rarely considered structural challenges for black-box optimizers, and the lack of standardized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Jacob O. Tørring , Carl Hvarfner , Luigi Nardi , Magnus Själander

Program synthesis techniques offer significant new capabilities in searching for programs that satisfy high-level specifications. While synthesis has been thoroughly explored for input/output pair specifications (programming-by-example),…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Will Crichton

Black box models in machine learning have demonstrated excellent predictive performance in complex problems and high-dimensional settings. However, their lack of transparency and interpretability restrict the applicability of such models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Numair Sani , Jaron Lee , Razieh Nabi , Ilya Shpitser

Software security mainly studies vulnerability detection: is my code vulnerable today? This hinders risk estimation, so new approaches are emerging to forecast the occurrence of future vulnerabilities. While useful, these approaches are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Carlos E. Budde , Ranindya Paramitha , Fabio Massacci

The automatic generation of computer programs is one of the main applications with practical relevance in the field of evolutionary computation. With program synthesis techniques not only software developers could be supported in their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Dominik Sobania , Dirk Schweim , Franz Rothlauf

Complex cyber-physical systems interact in real-time and must consider both timing and uncertainty. Developing software for such systems is expensive and difficult, especially when modeling, inference, and real-time behavior must be…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Lars Hummelgren , Matthias Becker , David Broman

This paper presents a high quality singing synthesizer that is able to model a voice with limited available recordings. Based on the sequence-to-sequence singing model, we design a multi-singer framework to leverage all the existing singing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-19 Jie Wu , Jian Luan

This note provides a description of a procedure that is designed to efficiently optimize expensive black-box functions. It uses the response surface methodology by incorporating radial basis functions as the response model. A simple method…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Paul Knysh , Yannis Korkolis

In many sequence learning tasks, such as program synthesis and document summarization, a key problem is searching over a large space of possible output sequences. We propose to learn representations of the outputs that are specifically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Joey Hong , David Dohan , Rishabh Singh , Charles Sutton , Manzil Zaheer

Neural code intelligence (CI) models are opaque black-boxes and offer little insight on the features they use in making predictions. This opacity may lead to distrust in their prediction and hamper their wider adoption in safety-critical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Md Rafiqul Islam Rabin , Aftab Hussain , Mohammad Amin Alipour

Optimizing discrete black-box functions is key in several domains, e.g. protein engineering and drug design. Due to the lack of gradient information and the need for sample efficiency, Bayesian optimization is an ideal candidate for these…

Computer models are widely used to study complex real world physical systems. However, there are major limitations to their direct use including: their complex structure; large numbers of inputs and outputs; and long evaluation times.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-05 Jonathan Owen , Ian Vernon

Probabilistic programming makes it easy to represent a probabilistic model as a program. Building an individual model, however, is only one step of probabilistic modeling. The broader challenge of probabilistic modeling is in understanding…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Ryan Bernstein

Modern language models are trained almost exclusively on token sequences produced by a fixed tokenizer, an external lossless compressor often over UTF-8 byte sequences, thereby coupling the model to that compressor. This work introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Lin Zheng , Xinyu Li , Qian Liu , Xiachong Feng , Lingpeng Kong

Deep learning algorithms have recently shown to be a successful tool in estimating parameters of statistical models for which simulation is easy, but likelihood computation is challenging. But the success of these approaches depends on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-20 Amanda Lenzi , Haavard Rue

This article presents resource-guided synthesis, a technique for synthesizing recursive programs that satisfy both a functional specification and a symbolic resource bound. The technique is type-directed and rests upon a novel type system…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Tristan Knoth , Di Wang , Nadia Polikarpova , Jan Hoffmann

We develop an approach to estimate the probability that a program sampled from a large language model is correct. Given a natural language description of a programming problem, our method samples both candidate programs as well as candidate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Darren Key , Wen-Ding Li , Kevin Ellis