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Counterfactually Augmented Data (CAD) involves creating new data samples by applying minimal yet sufficient modifications to flip the label of existing data samples to other classes. Training with CAD enhances model robustness against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Xiaoqi Qiu , Yongjie Wang , Xu Guo , Zhiwei Zeng , Yue Yu , Yuhong Feng , Chunyan Miao

Conventional image classifiers are trained by randomly sampling mini-batches of images. To achieve state-of-the-art performance, practitioners use sophisticated data augmentation schemes to expand the amount of training data available for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Renkun Ni , Micah Goldblum , Amr Sharaf , Kezhi Kong , Tom Goldstein

Synthetic data has been proposed as a solution to address the issue of high-quality data scarcity in the training of large language models (LLMs). Studies have shown that synthetic data can effectively improve the performance of LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Jie Chen , Yupeng Zhang , Bingning Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen , Weipeng Chen

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is foundational for evaluating language understanding in AI. However, progress has plateaued, with models failing on ambiguous examples and exhibiting poor generalization. We argue that this stems from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Claudiu Creanga , Liviu P. Dinu

The increasing size and complexity of pre-trained language models have demonstrated superior performance in many applications, but they usually require large training datasets to be adequately trained. Insufficient training sets could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Yaping Chai , Haoran Xie , Joe S. Qin

Recently published work on rephrasing natural text data for pre-training LLMs has shown promising results when combining the original dataset with the synthetically rephrased data. We build upon previous work by replicating existing results…

A machine learning model, under the influence of observed or unobserved confounders in the training data, can learn spurious correlations and fail to generalize when deployed. For image classifiers, augmenting a training dataset using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Abbavaram Gowtham Reddy , Saloni Dash , Amit Sharma , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Pass@k and other methods of scaling inference compute can improve language model performance in domains with external verifiers, including mathematics and code, where incorrect candidates can be filtered reliably. This raises a natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yegor Denisov-Blanch , Joshua Kazdan , Jessica Chudnovsky , Rylan Schaeffer , Sheng Guan , Soji Adeshina , Sanmi Koyejo

Spurious correlations threaten the validity of statistical classifiers. While model accuracy may appear high when the test data is from the same distribution as the training data, it can quickly degrade when the test distribution changes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Zhao Wang , Aron Culotta

Data augmentation, a widely-employed technique for addressing data scarcity, involves generating synthetic data examples which are then used to augment available training data. Researchers have seen surprising success from simple methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ray Groshan , Michael Ginn , Alexis Palmer

We introduce a new large-scale NLI benchmark dataset, collected via an iterative, adversarial human-and-model-in-the-loop procedure. We show that training models on this new dataset leads to state-of-the-art performance on a variety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Yixin Nie , Adina Williams , Emily Dinan , Mohit Bansal , Jason Weston , Douwe Kiela

Large language models are trained on massive scrapes of the web, as required by current scaling laws. Most progress is made for English, given its abundance of high-quality pretraining data. For most other languages, however, such high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Skyler Seto , Maartje ter Hoeve , Richard He Bai , Natalie Schluter , David Grangier

Mixed sample data augmentation strategies are actively used when training deep neural networks (DNNs). Recent studies suggest that they are effective at various tasks. However, the impact of mixed sample data augmentation on model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Soyoun Won , Sung-Ho Bae , Seong Tae Kim

Synthetic data has become a pivotal resource in post-training tasks for large language models (LLMs) due to the scarcity of high-quality, specific data. While various methods have been developed to generate synthetic data, there remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zeyu Gan , Yong Liu

Data sparsity is a main problem hindering the development of code-switching (CS) NLP systems. In this paper, we investigate data augmentation techniques for synthesizing dialectal Arabic-English CS text. We perform lexical replacements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Injy Hamed , Nizar Habash , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu

We study how effective data augmentation is at capturing the inductive bias of carefully designed network architectures for spatial translation invariance. We evaluate various image classification architectures (antialiased, convolutional,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Suriya Gunasekar

A popular approach for large scale data annotation tasks is crowdsourcing, wherein each data point is labeled by multiple noisy annotators. We consider the problem of inferring ground truth from noisy ordinal labels obtained from multiple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-05-02 Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Yee Whye Teh

Natural language inference (NLI) is formulated as a unified framework for solving various NLP problems such as relation extraction, question answering, summarization, etc. It has been studied intensively in the past few years thanks to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Wenpeng Yin , Dragomir Radev , Caiming Xiong

State-of-the-art supervised NLP models achieve high accuracy but are also susceptible to failures on inputs from low-data regimes, such as domains that are not represented in training data. As an approximation to collecting ground-truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Parikshit Bansal , Amit Sharma

Semi-supervised learning lately has shown much promise in improving deep learning models when labeled data is scarce. Common among recent approaches is the use of consistency training on a large amount of unlabeled data to constrain model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Qizhe Xie , Zihang Dai , Eduard Hovy , Minh-Thang Luong , Quoc V. Le