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In this work we show how large language models (LLMs) can learn statistical dependencies between otherwise unconditionally independent variables due to dataset selection bias. To demonstrate the effect, we developed a masked gender task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Emily McMilin

This paper examines the characterization and learning of grammars defined with enriched representational models. Model-theoretic approaches to formal language theory traditionally assume that each position in a string belongs to exactly one…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Jane Chandlee , Remi Eyraud , Jeffrey Heinz , Adam Jardine , Jonathan Rawski

We focus on the problem of search in the multilingual setting. Examining the problems of next-sentence prediction and inverse cloze, we show that at large scale, instance-based transfer learning is surprisingly effective in the multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Andrew O. Arnold , William W. Cohen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at providing information acquired during pretraining on large-scale corpora and following instructions through user prompts. This study investigates whether the quality of LLM responses varies depending on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Manon Reusens , Philipp Borchert , Jochen De Weerdt , Bart Baesens

Large language models respond well in high-resource languages like English but struggle in low-resource languages. It may arise from the lack of high-quality instruction following data in these languages. Directly translating English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chong Li , Wen Yang , Jiajun Zhang , Jinliang Lu , Shaonan Wang , Chengqing Zong

Serendipity-oriented recommender systems aim to counteract over-specialization in user preferences. However, evaluating a user's serendipitous response towards a recommended item can be challenging because of its emotional nature. In this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yu Tokutake , Kazushi Okamoto

Probabilistic topic modeling is a popular choice as the first step of crosslingual tasks to enable knowledge transfer and extract multilingual features. While many multilingual topic models have been developed, their assumptions on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Shudong Hao , Michael J. Paul

The intensity relationship that holds between scalar adjectives (e.g., nice < great < wonderful) is highly relevant for natural language inference and common-sense reasoning. Previous research on scalar adjective ranking has focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Aina Garí Soler , Marianna Apidianaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various NLP tasks. However, previous works have shown these models are sensitive towards prompt wording, and few-shot demonstrations and their order, posing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Large language models (LLMs) are typically developed through large-scale pre-training followed by task-specific fine-tuning. Recent advances highlight the importance of an intermediate mid-training stage, where models undergo multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kaixiang Mo , Yuxin Shi , Weiwei Weng , Zhiqiang Zhou , Shuman Liu , Haibo Zhang , Anxiang Zeng

With the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) across various applications, assessing the influence of gender biases embedded in LLMs becomes crucial. The topic of gender bias within the realm of natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jinman Zhao , Yitian Ding , Chen Jia , Yining Wang , Zifan Qian

Cross-domain alignment refers to the task of mapping a concept from one domain to another. For example, ``If a \textit{doctor} were a \textit{color}, what color would it be?''. This seemingly peculiar task is designed to investigate how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Asaf Yehudai , Taelin Karidi , Gabriel Stanovsky , Ariel Goldstein , Omri Abend

NLP research on aligning lexical representation spaces to one another has so far focused on aligning language spaces in their entirety. However, cognitive science has long focused on a local perspective, investigating whether translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Taelin Karidi , Eitan Grossman , Omri Abend

Neural language models trained with a predictive or masked objective have proven successful at capturing short and long distance syntactic dependencies. Here, we focus on verb argument structure in German, which has the interesting property…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Charlotte Rochereau , Benoît Sagot , Emmanuel Dupoux

A popular approach to post-training control of large language models (LLMs) is the steering of intermediate latent representations. Namely, identify a well-chosen direction depending on the task at hand and perturbs representations along…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Magamed Taimeskhanov , Samuel Vaiter , Damien Garreau

Many classification problems require decisions among a large number of competing classes. These tasks, however, are not handled well by general purpose learning methods and are usually addressed in an ad-hoc fashion. We suggest a general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yair Even-Zohar , Dan Roth

We present a deep hierarchical recurrent neural network for sequence tagging. Given a sequence of words, our model employs deep gated recurrent units on both character and word levels to encode morphology and context information, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-10 Zhilin Yang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , William Cohen

In order for large language models to be useful across the globe, they are fine-tuned to follow instructions on multilingual data. Despite the ubiquity of such post-training, a clear understanding of the dynamics that enable cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Luisa Shimabucoro , Ahmet Ustun , Marzieh Fadaee , Sebastian Ruder

Large Language Models (LLM) have made significant advances in the recent past becoming more mainstream in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled human-facing applications. However, LLMs often generate stereotypical output inherited from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Wu Zekun , Sahan Bulathwela , Adriano Soares Koshiyama

This paper investigates the cross-lingual inconsistencies observed in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Llama, and Baichuan, which have shown exceptional performance in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xiaolin Xing , Zhiwei He , Haoyu Xu , Xing Wang , Rui Wang , Yu Hong