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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental data preprocessing tool in the world of machine learning. While PCA is often thought of as a dimensionality reduction method, the purpose of PCA is actually two-fold: dimension reduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the most widely used tool for linear dimensionality reduction and clustering. Still it is highly sensitive to outliers and does not scale well with respect to the number of data samples. Robust PCA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-24 Nauman Shahid , Vassilis Kalofolias , Xavier Bresson , Michael Bronstein , Pierre Vandergheynst

A computational approach by an implementation of the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) with K-means and Gaussian Mixture (GM) clustering methods from Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to identify structural and dynamical heterogeneities of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-09-01 Viet Nguyen , Xueyu Song

Principal component analysis (PCA) is commonly used in genetics to infer and visualize population structure and admixture between populations. PCA is often interpreted in a way similar to inferred admixture proportions, where it is assumed…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-10 Jan van Waaij , Song Li , Genís Garcia-Erill , Anders Albrechtsen , Carsten Wiuf

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a cardinal technique for obtaining combinations of features, or principal components (PCs), that explain the variance of high-dimensional datasets in an interpretable manner. This involves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Ryan Cory-Wright , Jean Pauphilet

Researchers often have datasets measuring features $x_{ij}$ of samples, such as test scores of students. In factor analysis and PCA, these features are thought to be influenced by unobserved factors, such as skills. Can we determine how…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-16 Edgar Dobriban

Semantic segmentation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) makes great sense for pathology diagnosis and decision system of medical robots. The multi-channel fMRI provides more information of the pathological features. But the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-12 Lei Tai , Haoyang Ye , Qiong Ye , Ming Liu

Despite the advances of deep learning in specific tasks using images, the principled assessment of image fidelity and similarity is still a critical ability to develop. As it has been shown that Mean Squared Error (MSE) is insufficient for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-27 Benyamin Ghojogh , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

Principal component analysis (PCA) has achieved great success in unsupervised learning by identifying covariance correlations among features. If the data collection fails to capture the covariance information, PCA will not be able to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-08-24 Ziming Liu , Sitian Qian , Yixuan Wang , Yuxuan Yan , Tianyi Yang

Privacy-preserving data mining has become an important topic. People have built several multi-party-computation (MPC)-based frameworks to provide theoretically guaranteed privacy, the poor performance of real-world algorithms have always…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Xiaoyu Fan , Guosai Wang , Kun Chen , Xu He , Wei Xu

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful and popular dimensionality reduction technique. However, due to its linear nature, it often fails to capture the complex underlying structure of real-world data. While Kernel PCA (kPCA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Thomas Uriot , Elise Chung

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction technique in machine learning and multivariate statistics. To improve the interpretability of PCA, various approaches to obtain sparse principal direction loadings have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Agniva Chowdhury , Petros Drineas , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

Sparse principal component analysis (sparse PCA) is a widely used technique for dimensionality reduction in multivariate analysis, addressing two key limitations of standard PCA. First, sparse PCA can be implemented in high-dimensional low…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Jan O. Bauer

This paper examines several applications of principal component analysis (PCA) to physical systems. The first of these demonstrates that the principal components in a basis of appropriate system variables can be employed to identify…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-02-24 David Yevick

We use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to study the gas dynamics in numerical simulations of typical MCs. Our simulations account for the non-isothermal nature of the gas and include a simplified treatment of the time-dependent gas…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Erik Bertram , Rahul Shetty , Simon C. O. Glover , Ralf S. Klessen , Julia Roman-Duval , Christoph Federrath

Methods for supervised principal component analysis (SPCA) aim to incorporate label information into principal component analysis (PCA), so that the extracted features are more useful for a prediction task of interest. Prior work on SPCA…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-18 Alexander Ritchie , Laura Balzano , Daniel Kessler , Chandra S. Sripada , Clayton Scott

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique for approximating a tabular data set by a low rank matrix. Here, we extend the idea of PCA to handle arbitrary data sets consisting of numerical, Boolean, categorical, ordinal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-06 Madeleine Udell , Corinne Horn , Reza Zadeh , Stephen Boyd

A general asymptotic framework is developed for studying consis- tency properties of principal component analysis (PCA). Our frame- work includes several previously studied domains of asymptotics as special cases and allows one to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-26 Dan Shen , Haipeng Shen , J. S. Marron

The first order behavior of multivariate heavy-tailed random vectors above large radial thresholds is ruled by a limit measure in a regular variation framework. For a high dimensional vector, a reasonable assumption is that the support of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-27 Holger Drees , Anne Sabourin

Linear principal component analysis (PCA) learns (semi-)orthogonal transformations by orienting the axes to maximize variance. Consequently, it can only identify orthogonal axes whose variances are clearly distinct, but it cannot identify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Fahdi Kanavati , Lucy Katsnith , Masayuki Tsuneki