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Related papers: LSTMs Compose (and Learn) Bottom-Up

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The ability of generative large language models (LLMs) to perform in-context learning has given rise to a large body of research into how best to prompt models for various natural language processing tasks. Machine Translation (MT) has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Armel Zebaze , Benoît Sagot , Rachel Bawden

We propose SETI (Systematicity Evaluation of Textual Inference), a novel and comprehensive benchmark designed for evaluating pre-trained language models (PLMs) for their systematicity capabilities in the domain of textual inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Xiyan Fu , Anette Frank

In recent years, long short-term memory (LSTM) has been successfully used to model sequential data of variable length. However, LSTM can still experience difficulty in capturing long-term dependencies. In this work, we tried to alleviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Lujun Zhao , Yaosong Lin , Minlong Peng , Jingjing Gong , Xuanjing Huang

The mathematical representation of semantics is a key issue for Natural Language Processing (NLP). A lot of research has been devoted to finding ways of representing the semantics of individual words in vector spaces. Distributional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-11-13 Karl Moritz Hermann

Deep learning algorithms demonstrate a surprising ability to learn high-dimensional tasks from limited examples. This is commonly attributed to the depth of neural networks, enabling them to build a hierarchy of abstract, low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Francesco Cagnetta , Leonardo Petrini , Umberto M. Tomasini , Alessandro Favero , Matthieu Wyart

We train a diachronic long short-term memory (LSTM) part-of-speech tagger on a large corpus of American English from the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. We analyze the tagger's ability to implicitly learn temporal structure between years,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-11 William Merrill , Gigi Felice Stark , Robert Frank

Human language has a distinct systematic structure, where utterances break into individually meaningful words which are combined to form phrases. We show that natural-language-like systematicity arises in codes that are constrained by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Richard Futrell , Michael Hahn

A major bottleneck in search-based program synthesis is the exponentially growing search space which makes learning large programs intractable. Humans mitigate this problem by leveraging the compositional nature of the real world: In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jonas Witt , Sebastijan Dumančić , Tias Guns , Claus-Christian Carbon

When trained on language data, do transformers learn some arbitrary computation that utilizes the full capacity of the architecture or do they learn a simpler, tree-like computation, hypothesized to underlie compositional meaning systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Shikhar Murty , Pratyusha Sharma , Jacob Andreas , Christopher D. Manning

How related are the representations learned by neural language models, translation models, and language tagging tasks? We answer this question by adapting an encoder-decoder transfer learning method from computer vision to investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Richard Antonello , Javier Turek , Vy Vo , Alexander Huth

Sequential neural networks models are powerful tools in a variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The sequential nature of these models raises the questions: to what extent can these models implicitly learn hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Shauli Ravfogel , Francis M. Tyers , Yoav Goldberg

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been shown to capture various aspects of syntax from raw linguistic input. In most previous experiments, however, learning happens over unrealistic corpora, which do not reflect the type and amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ludovica Pannitto , Aurélie Herbelot

A longstanding question in cognitive science concerns the learning mechanisms underlying compositionality in human cognition. Humans can infer the structured relationships (e.g., grammatical rules) implicit in their sensory observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Jacob Russin , Roland Fernandez , Hamid Palangi , Eric Rosen , Nebojsa Jojic , Paul Smolensky , Jianfeng Gao

A major problem in the study of large language models is to understand their inherent low-dimensional structure. We introduce an approach to study the low-dimensional structure of language models at a model-agnostic level: as sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Noah Golowich , Allen Liu , Abhishek Shetty

Recent work has demonstrated that neural language models encode syntactic structures in their internal representations, yet the derivations by which these structures are constructed across layers remain poorly understood. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Taiga Someya , Ryo Yoshida , Hitomi Yanaka , Yohei Oseki

We deploy the methods of controlled psycholinguistic experimentation to shed light on the extent to which the behavior of neural network language models reflects incremental representations of syntactic state. To do so, we examine model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Richard Futrell , Ethan Wilcox , Takashi Morita , Peng Qian , Miguel Ballesteros , Roger Levy

Representational spaces learned via language modeling are fundamental to Natural Language Processing (NLP), however there has been limited understanding regarding how and when during training various types of linguistic information emerge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Max Müller-Eberstein , Rob van der Goot , Barbara Plank , Ivan Titov

This paper describes an alignment-based model for interpreting natural language instructions in context. We approach instruction following as a search over plans, scoring sequences of actions conditioned on structured observations of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Jacob Andreas , Dan Klein

LSTM-based recurrent neural networks are the state-of-the-art for many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their performance, it is unclear whether, or how, LSTMs learn structural features of natural languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Kaiji Lu , Piotr Mardziel , Klas Leino , Matt Fedrikson , Anupam Datta

We introduce DecompSR, decomposed spatial reasoning, a large benchmark dataset (over 5m datapoints) and generation framework designed to analyse compositional spatial reasoning ability. The generation of DecompSR allows users to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Lachlan McPheat , Navdeep Kaur , Robert Blackwell , Alessandra Russo , Anthony G. Cohn , Pranava Madhyastha