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A theory for non-equilibrium systems is derived from a maximum entropy approach similar in spirit to the equilibrium theory given by Gibbs. Requiring Hamilton's principle of stationary action to be satisfied on average during a trajectory,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-02-04 David M. Rogers , Susan B. Rempe

We extend the canonical Gibbs distribution, originally formulated for systems at equilibrium, to systems driven out of equilibrium. The stochastic dynamics of a small system are described by a probability distribution over discrete energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Jean-Luc Garden

We generalize the Clausius (in)equality to overdamped mesoscopic and macroscopic diffusions in the presence of nonconservative forces. In contrast to previous frameworks, we use a decomposition scheme for heat which is based on an exact…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-07 Christian Maes , Karel Netocny

The total entropy production fluctuations are studied in some exactly solvable models. For these systems, the detailed fluctuation theorem holds even in the transient state, provided initially the system is prepared in thermal equilibrium.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-08 Arnab Saha , Sourabh Lahiri , A. M. Jayannavar

Based on trajectory dependent path probability formalism in state space, we derive generalized entropy production fluctuation relations for a quantum system in the presence of measurement and feedback. We have obtained these results for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-04 Shubhashis Rana , Sourabh Lahiri , A. M. Jayannavar

We develop non-equilibrium theory by using averages in time and space as a generalized way to upscale thermodynamics in non-ergodic systems. The approach offers a classical perspective on the energy dynamics in fluctuating systems. The rate…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-29 James E. McClure , Steffen Berg , Ryan T. Armstrong

In the last ten years, a number of ``Conventional Fluctuation Theorems'' have been derived for systems with deterministic or stochastic dynamics, in a transient or in a non-equilibrium stationary state. These theorems gave explicit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. van Zon , E. G. D. Cohen

Recently, the fundamental laws of thermodynamics have been reconsidered for small systems. The discovery of the fluctuation relations has spurred theoretical and experimental studies on thermodynamics of systems with few degrees of freedom.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-10 J. V. Koski , T. Sagawa , O. -P. Saira , Y. Yoon , A. Kutvonen , P. Solinas , M. Möttönen , T. Ala-Nissila , J. P. Pekola

Stochastic thermodynamics extends the notions and relations of classical thermodynamics to small systems that experience strong fluctuations. The definitions of work and heat and the microscopically reversible condition are two key concepts…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-23 Geng Li , Z. C. Tu

There are two related theorems which hold even in far from equilibrium, namely fluctuation theorem and Jarzynski equality. Fluctuation theorem states the existence of symmetry of fluctuation of entropy production, while Jarzynski equality…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 T. Monnai

Fluctuation theorems make use of time reversal to make predictions about entropy production in many-body systems far from thermal equilibrium. Here we review the wide variety of distinct, but interconnected, relations that have been derived…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-08-02 R. J. Harris , G. M. Schütz

We study temperature fluctuations in mesoscopic $N$-body systems undergoing non-equilibrium processes from the perspective of stochastic thermodynamics. By introducing a stochastic differential equation, we describe the evolution of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhaoyu Fei , Yu-Han Ma

It is argued that a Gibbsian formula for the space-time distribution of microscopic trajectories of a nonequilibrium system provides a unifying framework for recent results on the fluctuations of the entropy production. The variable entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Maes

For chemical reaction networks described by a master equation, we define energy and entropy on a stochastic trajectory and develop a consistent nonequilibrium thermodynamic description along a single stochastic trajectory of reaction…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Tim Schmiedl , Udo Seifert

Small systems in contact with a heat bath evolve by stochastic dynamics. Here we show that, when one such small system is weakly coupled to another one, it is possible to infer the presence of such weak coupling by observing the violation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-07 Deepak Gupta , Sanjib Sabhapandit

We present fluctuation theorems and moment generating function equalities for generalized thermodynamic observables and quantum dynamics described by completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) maps, with and without feedback control. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-01 Tameem Albash , Daniel A. Lidar , Milad Marvian , Paolo Zanardi

There are only a very few known relations in statistical dynamics that are valid for systems driven arbitrarily far-from-equilibrium. One of these is the fluctuation theorem, which places conditions on the entropy production probability…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-09-25 Gavin E. Crooks

Thermodynamics makes definite predictions about the thermal behavior of macroscopic systems in and out of equilibrium. Statistical mechanics aims to derive this behavior from the dynamics and statistics of the atoms and molecules making up…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-03-28 Sheldon Goldstein , David A. Huse , Joel L. Lebowitz , Pablo Sartori

Fluctuating entropy production is studied for a set of linearly coupled complex fields. The general result is applied to non-equilibrium fluctuating hydrodynamic equations for coarse-grained fields (density, temperature and velocity), in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-07-09 Giacomo Gradenigo , Andrea Puglisi , Alessandro Sarracino

We extend stochastic thermodynamics by relaxing the two assumptions that the Markovian dynamics must be linear and that the equilibrium distribution must be a Boltzmann distribution. We show that if we require the second law to hold when…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-26 Jan Korbel , David H. Wolpert
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