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Benchmark Design in Black-Box Optimization (BBO) is a fundamental yet open-ended topic. Early BBO benchmarks are predominantly human-crafted, introducing expert bias and constraining diversity. Automating this design process can relieve the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chen Wang , Sijie Ma , Zeyuan Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Meta-Black-Box Optimization (MetaBBO) streamlines the automation of optimization algorithm design through meta-learning. It typically employs a bi-level structure: the meta-level policy undergoes meta-training to reduce the manual effort…

The selection of the most appropriate algorithm to solve a given problem instance, known as algorithm selection, is driven by the potential to capitalize on the complementary performance of different algorithms across sets of problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Gjorgjina Cenikj , Ana Nikolikj , Gašper Petelin , Niki van Stein , Carola Doerr , Tome Eftimov

Meta-Black-Box Optimization (MetaBBO) garners attention due to its success in automating the configuration and generation of black-box optimizers, significantly reducing the human effort required for optimizer design and discovering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiyuan Pei , Yi Mei , Jialin Liu , Mengjie Zhang

This paper presents the results and insights from the black-box optimization (BBO) challenge at NeurIPS 2020 which ran from July-October, 2020. The challenge emphasized the importance of evaluating derivative-free optimizers for tuning the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Ryan Turner , David Eriksson , Michael McCourt , Juha Kiili , Eero Laaksonen , Zhen Xu , Isabelle Guyon

Most black-box optimization methods require extensive hyperparameter tuning, often limiting their ability to generalize across different optimization domains. Foundation models for black-box optimization that learn optimization principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Aaron Klein , Herilalaina Rakotoarison , Luca Thale-Bombien , David Salinas

The global optimization of a high-dimensional black-box function under black-box constraints is a pervasive task in machine learning, control, and engineering. These problems are challenging since the feasible set is typically non-convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 David Eriksson , Matthias Poloczek

Benchmark suites, i.e. a collection of benchmark functions, are widely used in the comparison of black-box optimization algorithms. Over the years, research has identified many desired qualities for benchmark suites, such as diverse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-16 David Issa Mattos , Lucas Ruud , Jan Bosch , Helena Holmström Olsson

Extending a recent suggestion to generate new instances for numerical black-box optimization benchmarking by interpolating pairs of the well-established BBOB functions from the COmparing COntinuous Optimizers (COCO) platform, we propose in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Diederick Vermetten , Furong Ye , Thomas Bäck , Carola Doerr

Black-box optimization is often encountered for decision-making in complex systems management, where the knowledge of system is limited. Under these circumstances, it is essential to balance the utilization of new information with…

Computation · Statistics 2025-01-15 Teng Lian , Jian-Qiang Hu , Yuhang Wu , Zeyu Zheng

One key challenge in optimization is the selection of a suitable set of benchmark problems. A common goal is to find functions which are representative of a class of real-world optimization problems in order to ensure findings on the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Diederick Vermetten , Catalin-Viorel Dinu , Marcus Gallagher

We consider black-box optimization in which only an extremely limited number of function evaluations, on the order of around 100, are affordable and the function evaluations must be performed in even fewer batches of a limited number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Carlos Ansotegui , Meinolf Sellmann , Tapan Shah , Kevin Tierney

Bayesian optimization is a powerful method for automating tuning of compilers. The complex landscape of autotuning provides a myriad of rarely considered structural challenges for black-box optimizers, and the lack of standardized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Jacob O. Tørring , Carl Hvarfner , Luigi Nardi , Magnus Själander

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a widely used approach for blackbox optimization that leverages a Gaussian process (GP) model and an acquisition function to guide future sampling. While effective in low-dimensional settings, BO faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Pavankumar Koratikere , Leifur Leifsson

Bayesian optimization (BO) is one of the most powerful strategies to solve computationally expensive-to-evaluate blackbox optimization problems. However, BO methods are conventionally used for optimization problems of small dimension…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-10 Rémy Priem , Youssef Diouane , Nathalie Bartoli , Sylvain Dubreuil , Paul Saves

Black-box model-based optimization (MBO) problems, where the goal is to find a design input that maximizes an unknown objective function, are ubiquitous in a wide range of domains, such as the design of proteins, DNA sequences, aircraft,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Brandon Trabucco , Xinyang Geng , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine

Black-box optimization refers to the optimization problem whose objective function and/or constraint sets are either unknown, inaccessible, or non-existent. In many applications, especially with the involvement of humans, the only way to…

Existing Bayesian Optimization (BO) methods typically balance exploration and exploitation to optimize costly objective functions. However, these methods often suffer from a significant one-step bias, which may lead to convergence towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ruiyao Miao , Junren Xiao , Shiya Tsang , Hui Xiong , Yingnian Wu

Bayesian optimization (BO) has become an effective approach for black-box function optimization problems when function evaluations are expensive and the optimum can be achieved within a relatively small number of queries. However, many…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-06 Zi Wang , Clement Gehring , Pushmeet Kohli , Stefanie Jegelka

Black-box optimization is essential for tuning complex machine learning algorithms which are easier to experiment with than to understand. In this paper, we show that a simple ensemble of black-box optimization algorithms can outperform any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Jiwei Liu , Bojan Tunguz , Gilberto Titericz