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Effective resistance (ER) is an attractive way to interrogate the structure of graphs. It is an alternative to computing the eigen-vectors of the graph Laplacian. Graph laplacians are used to find low dimensional structures in high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Robi Bhattacharjee , Alex Cloninger , Yoav Freund , Andreas Oslandsbotn

The concept of effective resistance, originally introduced in electrical circuit theory, has been extended to the setting of graphs by interpreting each edge as a resistor. In this context, the effective resistance between two vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Inés García-Redondo , Claudia Landi , Sarah Percival , Anda Skeja , Bei Wang , Ling Zhou

Effective resistance (ER) is an attractive way to interrogate the structure of graphs. It is an alternative to computing the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian. One attractive application of ER is to point clouds, i.e. graphs whose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Robi Bhattacharjee , Alexander Cloninger , Yoav Freund , Andreas Oslandsbotn

The graphical notion of effective resistance has found wide-ranging applications in many areas of pure mathematics, applied mathematics and control theory. By the nature of its construction, effective resistance can only be computed in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-10-23 George Forrest Young , Luca Scardovi , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

This paper presents an introduction and expository account of a beautiful, current, and active application of recursions to the computation of resistance distance. Resistance distance, also referred to as effective resistance, is a…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Emily J. Evans , Russell Jay Hendel

Effective graph resistance is a fundamental structural metric in network science, widely used to quantify global connectivity, compare network architectures, and assess robustness in flow-based systems. Despite its importance, current…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-05 Xiangrong Wang , Xin Yu , Zongze Wu , Yamir Moreno

This paper extends the definitions of effective resistance and effective conductance to characterize the overall relation (positive coupling or antagonism) between any two disjoint sets of nodes in a signed graph. It generalizes the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-19 Yue Song , David J. Hill , Tao Liu

This work presents a new method for symmetrization of directed graphs that constructs an undirected graph with equivalent pairwise effective resistances as a given directed graph. Consequently a graph metric, square root of effective…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Katherine Fitch

Effective resistance is a distance between vertices of a graph that is both theoretically interesting and useful in applications. We study a variant of effective resistance called the biharmonic distance. While the effective resistance…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mitchell Black , Lucy Lin , Amir Nayyeri , Weng-Keen Wong

We investigate the concept of effective resistance in connection graphs, expanding its traditional application from undirected graphs. We propose a robust definition of effective resistance in connection graphs by focusing on the duality of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Alexander Cloninger , Gal Mishne , Andreas Oslandsbotn , Sawyer Jack Robertson , Zhengchao Wan , Yusu Wang

This article introduces a new approach to discrete curvature based on the concept of effective resistances. We propose a curvature on the nodes and links of a graph and present the evidence for their interpretation as a curvature. Notably,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-09-26 Karel Devriendt , Renaud Lambiotte

We develop a generalized resistance geometry based on Kron reduction and effective resistance for directed graphs, paralleling classical undirected graph theory. For strongly connected directed graphs, we prove a Fiedler--Bapat identity…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yosuke Kajiura , Kazuhiro Sato

A graph can be regarded as an electrical network in which each edge is a resistor. This point of view relates combinatorial quantities, such as the number of spanning trees, to electrical ones such as effective resistance. The second and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Art M. Duval , Woong Kook , Kang-Ju Lee , Jeremy L. Martin

In this paper we give a survey of methods used to calculate values of resistance distance (also known as effective resistance) in graphs. Resistance distance has played a prominent role not only in circuit theory and chemistry, but also in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-15 E. J. Evans , A. E. Francis

A metrized graph is a finite weighted graph whose edges are thought of as line segments. In this expository paper, we study the Laplacian operator on a metrized graph and some important functions related to it, including the ``j-function'',…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Matthew Baker , Xander Faber

In this paper we consider the \emph{fully-dynamic} All-Pairs Effective Resistance problem, where the goal is to maintain effective resistances on a graph $G$ among any pair of query vertices under an intermixed sequence of edge insertions…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-12 David Durfee , Yu Gao , Gramoz Goranci , Richard Peng

Effective resistance is an important metric that measures the similarity of two vertices in a graph. It has found applications in graph clustering, recommendation systems and network reliability, among others. In spite of the importance of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Pan Peng , Daniel Lopatta , Yuichi Yoshida , Gramoz Goranci

It is known that electrical networks with resistors are related to the Laplace operator and random walk on weighted graphs. In this paper we consider more general electrical networks with coils, capacitors, and resistors. We give two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Anna Muranova

We define and study two new kinds of "effective resistances" based on hubs-biased -- hubs-repelling and hubs-attracting -- models of navigating a graph/network. We prove that these effective resistances are squared Euclidean distances…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-03 Ernesto Estrada , Delio Mugnolo

Effective resistances are ubiquitous in graph algorithms and network analysis. In this work, we study sublinear time algorithms to approximate the effective resistance of an adjacent pair $s$ and $t$. We consider the classical adjacency…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Dongrun Cai , Xue Chen , Pan Peng
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