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Text-Video Retrieval plays an important role in multi-modal understanding and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Most existing methods focus on constructing contrastive pairs between whole videos and complete caption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jie Jiang , Shaobo Min , Weijie Kong , Dihong Gong , Hongfa Wang , Zhifeng Li , Wei Liu

Code-switching entails mixing multiple languages. It is an increasingly occurring phenomenon in social media texts. Usually, code-mixed texts are written in a single script, even though the languages involved have different scripts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Niraj Pahari , Kazutaka Shimada

Code switching (CS) is a very common phenomenon in written and spoken communication but one that is handled poorly by many natural language processing applications. Looking to the application of building CS corpora, we explore CS language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Laurie Burchell , Alexandra Birch , Robert P. Thompson , Kenneth Heafield

Accurate alignment between languages is fundamental for improving cross-lingual pre-trained language models (XLMs). Motivated by the natural phenomenon of code-switching (CS) in multilingual speakers, CS has been used as an effective data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Chenxi Whitehouse , Fenia Christopoulou , Ignacio Iacobacci

Transliteration is very common on social media, but transliterated text is not adequately handled by modern neural models for various NLP tasks. In this work, we combine data augmentation approaches with a Teacher-Student training scheme to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Jitin Krishnan , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Hemant Purohit , Huzefa Rangwala

This paper introduces a new data augmentation method for neural machine translation that can enforce stronger semantic consistency both within and across languages. Our method is based on Conditional Masked Language Model (CMLM) which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Qiao Cheng , Jin Huang , Yitao Duan

Multilingual pre-trained models could leverage the training data from a rich source language (such as English) to improve performance on low resource languages. However, the transfer quality for multilingual Machine Reading Comprehension…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Fei Yuan , Linjun Shou , Xuanyu Bai , Ming Gong , Yaobo Liang , Nan Duan , Yan Fu , Daxin Jiang

Character-level patterns have been widely used as features in English Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems. However, to date there has been no direct investigation of the inherent differences between name and non-name tokens in text, nor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-21 Xiaodong Yu , Stephen Mayhew , Mark Sammons , Dan Roth

Neural language models (LMs) have shown to benefit significantly from enhancing word vectors with subword-level information, especially for morphologically rich languages. This has been mainly tackled by providing subword-level information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Yash Shah , Ishan Tarunesh , Harsh Deshpande , Preethi Jyothi

Code-mixing(CM) is a frequently observed phenomenon that uses multiple languages in an utterance or sentence. CM is mostly practiced on various social media platforms and in informal conversations. Sentiment analysis (SA) is a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Suman Dowlagar , Radhika Mamidi

This paper proposes hybrid semi-Markov conditional random fields (SCRFs) for neural sequence labeling in natural language processing. Based on conventional conditional random fields (CRFs), SCRFs have been designed for the tasks of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Zhi-Xiu Ye , Zhen-Hua Ling

Code-switching (CS) refers to the switching of languages within a speech signal and results in language confusion for automatic speech recognition (ASR). To address language confusion, we propose a language alignment loss (LAL) that aligns…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Hexin Liu , Xiangyu Zhang , Haoyang Zhang , Leibny Paola Garcia , Andy W. H. Khong , Eng Siong Chng , Shinji Watanabe

Language development experts need tools that can automatically identify languages from fluent, conversational speech, and provide reliable estimates of usage rates at the level of an individual recording. However, language identification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-31 Suzy J. Styles , Victoria Y. H. Chua , Fei Ting Woon , Hexin Liu , Leibny Paola Garcia Perera , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Andy W. H. Khong , Justin Dauwels

The CEGS N-GRID 2016 Shared Task 1 in Clinical Natural Language Processing focuses on the de-identification of psychiatric evaluation records. This paper describes two participating systems of our team, based on conditional random fields…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Zhipeng Jiang , Chao Zhao , Bin He , Yi Guan , Jingchi Jiang

Languages usually switch within a multilingual speech signal, especially in a bilingual society. This phenomenon is referred to as code-switching (CS), making automatic speech recognition (ASR) challenging under a multilingual scenario. We…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Hexin Liu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Xiangyu Zhang , Andy W. H. Khong , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Sentiment analysis is essential in many real-world applications such as stance detection, review analysis, recommendation system, and so on. Sentiment analysis becomes more difficult when the data is noisy and collected from social media.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Braja Gopal Patra , Dipankar Das , Amitava Das

Social media messages' brevity and unconventional spelling pose a challenge to language identification. We introduce a hierarchical model that learns character and contextualized word-level representations for language identification. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Aaron Jaech , George Mulcaire , Shobhit Hathi , Mari Ostendorf , Noah A. Smith

Code-mixing is the practice of using two or more languages in a single sentence, which often occurs in multilingual communities such as India where people commonly speak multiple languages. Classic NLP tools, trained on monolingual data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Shruti Jagdale , Omkar Khade , Gauri Takalikar , Mihir Inamdar , Raviraj Joshi

Code-switching, also called code-mixing, is the linguistics phenomenon where in casual settings, multilingual speakers mix words from different languages in one utterance. Due to its spontaneous nature, code-switching is extremely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Shuyue Stella Li , Cihan Xiao , Tianjian Li , Bismarck Odoom

The rise in the number of social media users has led to an increase in the hateful content posted online. In countries like India, where multiple languages are spoken, these abhorrent posts are from an unusual blend of code-switched…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Kshitij Rajput , Raghav Kapoor , Kaushal Rai , Preeti Kaur