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With the involvement of multiple programming languages in modern software development, cross-lingual code clone detection has gained traction within the software engineering community. Numerous studies have explored this topic, proposing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Micheline Bénédicte Moumoula , Abdoul Kader Kabore , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé Bissyande

Finding the same or similar code snippets in source code is one of fundamental activities in software maintenance. Text-based pattern matching tools such as grep is frequently used for such purpose, but making proper queries for the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Katsuro Inoue , Yuya Miyamoto , Daniel M. German , Takashi Ishio

Despite a decade of active research, there is a marked lack in clone detectors that scale to very large repositories of source code, in particular for detecting near-miss clones where significant editing activities may take place in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Hitesh Sajnani , Vaibhav Saini , Jeffrey Svajlenko , Chanchal K. Roy , Cristina V. Lopes

The capability of accurately determining code similarity is crucial in many tasks related to software development. For example, it might be essential to identify code duplicates for performing software maintenance. This research introduces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Jorge Martinez-Gil

Code clones are duplicate code fragments that share (nearly) similar syntax or semantics. Code clone detection plays an important role in software maintenance, code refactoring, and reuse. A substantial amount of research has been conducted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Nikita Mehrotra , Navdha Agarwal , Piyush Gupta , Saket Anand , David Lo , Rahul Purandare

Programmers often reuse code from source code repositories to reduce the development effort. Code clones are candidates for reuse in exploratory or rapid development, as they represent often repeated functionality in software systems. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Muhammad Hammad , Önder Babur , Hamid Abdul Basit , Mark van den Brand

Transformer networks such as CodeBERT already achieve outstanding results for code clone detection in benchmark datasets, so one could assume that this task has already been solved. However, code clone detection is not a trivial task.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Tim Sonnekalb , Bernd Gruner , Clemens-Alexander Brust , Patrick Mäder

BigCloneBench is a well-known and widely used large-scale dataset for the evaluation of recall of clone detection tools. It has been beneficial for research on clone detection and has become a standard in evaluating the performance of clone…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Jens Krinke , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul

Investigating the code fragments of code clones detected by code clone detection tools is a time-consuming task, especially when a large number of reference source files are available. This paper proposes (i) a method for clustering a clone…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Daisuke Nishioka , Toshihiro Kamiya

Binary code clone analysis is an important technique which has a wide range of applications in software engineering (e.g., plagiarism detection, bug detection). The main challenge of the topic lies in the semantics-equivalent code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Yikun Hu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Juanru Li , Hui Wang , Bodong Li , Dawu Gu

Code clones are identical or similar code segments. The wide existence of code clones can increase the cost of maintenance and jeopardise the quality of software. The research community has developed many techniques to detect code clones,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Wahidur Rahman , Yisen Xu , Fan Pu , Jifeng Xuan , Xiangyang Jia , Michail Basios , Leslie Kanthan , Lingbo Li , Fan Wu , Baowen Xu

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SE), with source code embeddings playing a crucial role in tasks such as source code clone detection and source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixiang Xian , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

To detect large-variance code clones (i.e. clones with relatively more differences) in large-scale code repositories is difficult because most current tools can only detect almost identical or very similar clones. It will make promotion and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Ming Wu , Pengcheng Wang , Kangqi Yin , Haoyu Cheng , Yun Xu , Chanchal K. Roy

Detecting code clones is crucial in various software engineering tasks. In particular, code clone detection can have significant uses in the context of analyzing and fixing bugs in large scale applications. However, prior works, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Hongfa Xue , Yongsheng Mei , Kailash Gogineni , Guru Venkataramani , Tian Lan

Current research in clone detection suffers from poor ecosystems for evaluating precision of clone detection tools. Corpora of labeled clones are scarce and incomplete, making evaluation labor intensive and idiosyncratic, and limiting inter…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Vaibhav Saini , Farima Farmahinifarahani , Yadong Lu , Di Yang , Pedro Martins , Hitesh Sajnani , Pierre Baldi , Cristina Lopes

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various software engineering tasks, such as code generation and debugging, because of their ability to translate between programming languages and natural languages.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wenqing Zhu , Norihiro Yoshida , Eunjong Choi , Yutaka Matsubara , Hiroaki Takada

Detecting code clones is relevant to software maintenance and code refactoring. This challenge still presents unresolved cases, mainly when structural similarity does not reflect functional equivalence, though recent code models show…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jorge Martinez-Gil

The practice of code reuse is crucial in software development for a faster and more efficient development lifecycle. In reality, however, code reuse practices lack proper control, resulting in issues such as vulnerability propagation and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zhiwei Fu , Steven H. H. Ding , Furkan Alaca , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Philippe Charland

Code clones can detrimentally impact software maintenance and manually detecting them in very large codebases is impractical. Additionally, automated approaches find detection of Type 3 and Type 4 (inexact) clones very challenging. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Muslim Chochlov , Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Guoxian Lu , Wei Hou , David Gregg , Jim Buckley

Code clones are similar code fragments that often arise from copy-and-paste programming. Neural networks can classify pairs of code fragments as clone/not-clone with high accuracy. However, finding clones in industrial-scale code needs a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Gul Aftab Ahmed , Muslim Chochlov , Abdul Razzaq , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , Jim Buckley , David Gregg