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Despite the enormous amount of data, particular events of interest can still be quite rare. Classification of rare events is a common problem in many domains, such as fraudulent transactions, malware traffic analysis and network intrusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Ivan Letteri , Antonio Di Cecco , Abeer Dyoub , Giuseppe Della Penna

Class-imbalance refers to classification problems in which many more instances are available for certain classes than for others. Such imbalanced datasets require special attention because traditional classifiers generally favor the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Rafael M. O. Cruz , Mariana A. Souza , Robert Sabourin , George D. C. Cavalcanti

In this research we use a data stream approach to mining data and construct Decision Tree models that predict software build outcomes in terms of software metrics that are derived from source code used in the software construction process.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-07-10 Russel Pears , Jacqui Finlay , Andy M. Connor

Imbalanced datasets in medical imaging are characterized by skewed class proportions and scarcity of abnormal cases. When trained using such data, models tend to assign higher probabilities to normal cases, leading to biased performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yumnah Hasan , Fatemeh Amerehi , Patrick Healy , Conor Ryan

Two-class classification problems are often characterized by an imbalance between the number of majority and minority datapoints resulting in poor classification of the minority class in particular. Traditional approaches, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Karen Medlin , Sven Leyffer , Krishnan Raghavan

A natural way of handling imbalanced data is to attempt to equalise the class frequencies and train the classifier of choice on balanced data. For two-class imbalanced problems, the classification success is typically measured by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Ludmila I. Kuncheva , Álvar Arnaiz-González , José-Francisco Díez-Pastor , Iain A. D. Gunn

Classification of imbalanced data is one of the common problems in the recent field of data mining. Imbalanced data substantially affects the performance of standard classification models. Data-level approaches mainly use the oversampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Seung Jee Yang , Kyung Joon Cha

A data set sampled from a certain population is biased if the subgroups of the population are sampled at proportions that are significantly different from their underlying proportions. Training machine learning models on biased data sets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Jing An , Lexing Ying , Yuhua Zhu

Class imbalance remains a critical challenge in semi-supervised learning (SSL), especially when distributional mismatches between labeled and unlabeled data lead to biased classification. Although existing methods address this issue by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Senmao Tian , Xiang Wei , Shunli Zhang

The imbalance problem is widespread in the field of machine learning, which also exists in multimodal learning areas caused by the intrinsic discrepancy between modalities of samples. Recent works have attempted to solve the modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Wenke Xia , Xu Zhao , Xincheng Pang , Changqing Zhang , Di Hu

The imbalanced data classification is one of the most crucial tasks facing modern data analysis. Especially when combined with other difficulty factors, such as the presence of noise, overlapping class distributions, and small disjuncts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Michał Koziarski , Michał Woźniak , Bartosz Krawczyk

The Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) is one of the most widely used methods for addressing class imbalance and generating synthetic data. Despite its popularity, little attention has been paid to its privacy implications;…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Georgi Ganev , Reza Nazari , Rees Davison , Amir Dizche , Xinmin Wu , Ralph Abbey , Jorge Silva , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Imbalanced data poses a significant challenge in classification as model performance is affected by insufficient learning from minority classes. Balancing methods are often used to address this problem. However, such techniques can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Adrian Stando , Mustafa Cavus , Przemysław Biecek

For over two decades, detecting rare events has been a challenging task among researchers in the data mining and machine learning domain. Real-life problems inspire researchers to navigate and further improve data processing and algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Elaheh Jafarigol , Theodore Trafalis , Neshat Mohammadi

In the era of big data, the utilization of credit-scoring models to determine the credit risk of applicants accurately becomes a trend in the future. The conventional machine learning on credit scoring data sets tends to have poor…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-10 Xiaofan Liua , Zuoquan Zhanga , Di Wanga

Automated Machine Learning has grown very successful in automating the time-consuming, iterative tasks of machine learning model development. However, current methods struggle when the data is imbalanced. Since many real-world datasets are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Prabhant Singh , Joaquin Vanschoren

Class imbalance poses new challenges when it comes to classifying data streams. Many algorithms recently proposed in the literature tackle this problem using a variety of data-level, algorithm-level, and ensemble approaches. However, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Gabriel Aguiar , Bartosz Krawczyk , Alberto Cano

The vast majority of statistical theory on binary classification characterizes performance in terms of accuracy. However, accuracy is known in many cases to poorly reflect the practical consequences of classification error, most famously in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Shashank Singh , Justin Khim

In most real-world scenarios, labeled training datasets are highly class-imbalanced, where deep neural networks suffer from generalizing to a balanced testing criterion. In this paper, we explore a novel yet simple way to alleviate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jaehyung Kim , Jongheon Jeong , Jinwoo Shin

A major challenge when trying to detect fraud is that the fraudulent activities form a minority class which make up a very small proportion of the data set. In most data sets, fraud occurs in typically less than 0.5% of the cases. Detecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Bart Baesens , Sebastiaan Höppner , Irene Ortner , Tim Verdonck