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No. All theoretical predictions for the observational appearance of an accreting supermassive black hole, as measured interferometrically by a sparse Earth-sized array at current observation frequencies, are sensitive to many untested…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-20 Samuel E. Gralla

Gravitational-wave sources offer us unique testbeds for probing strong-field, dynamical and nonlinear aspects of gravity. In this chapter, we give a brief overview of the current status and future prospects of testing General Relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-15 Zack Carson , Kent Yagi

General relativity predicts the spacetime metric around an astrophysical black hole to be described by the Kerr solution, which is a massive rotating black hole without any residual charge. In a previous paper, we analyzed the NuSTAR…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-06 Ashutosh Tripathi , Swarnim Shashank , Gitika Mall , Askar Abdikamalov

In this chapter, we will review the field-theoretic treatment of General Relativity based on an effective field theory extension of the Einstein-Hilbert action. This pragmatic route to low-energy quantum effects in gravity critically…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-20 N. Emil J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Ludovic Planté , Pierre Vanhove

The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analyzing them are reviewed and updated. Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eotvos experiment, tests…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-06 Clifford M. Will

The theory of general relativity (GR) is the standard framework for the description of gravitation and the geometric structure of spacetime. With the recent advancement of observational instruments, it has become possible to probe the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-04 Swarnim Shashank , Cosimo Bambi , Rittick Roy

General relativity offers a classical description to gravitation and spacetime, and is a cornerstone for modern physics. It has passed a number of empirical tests with flying colours, mostly in the weak-gravity regimes, but nowadays also in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-06 Lijing Shao

The recent study of the strong gravitational lens ESO 325-G004 [1] leads to a new possibility for testing General Relativity and its extensions. Such gravity lens observational studies can be instrumental for establishing a limitation on…

General Physics · Physics 2018-11-07 V. G. Gurzadyan , A. Stepanian

Black holes are popping up all over the place: in compact binary X-ray sources and GRBs, in quasars, AGNs and the cores of all bulge galaxies, in binary black holes and binary black hole-neutron stars, and maybe even in the LHC! Black holes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-11-13 Stuart L. Shapiro

In this paper I investigate the possibility to test Einstein's equations with observations of cosmological large scale structure. I first show that we have not tested the equations in observations concerning only the homogeneous and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Ruth Durrer

Blurred reflection features are commonly observed in the X-ray spectra of accreting black holes. In the presence of high-quality data and with the correct astrophysical model, X-ray reflection spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-15 Cosimo Bambi

A gravitational theory is formulated by considering the physical processes underlying relativistic dilation of time and contraction of space. It is shown that the point mass solution of general relativity's field equation - the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-08-25 James W. Douglass

Einstein's theory of gravity admits a low energy effective quantum field description from which predictions beyond classical general relativity can be drawn. As gravitational wave detectors improve, one may ask whether non-classical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-19 Thiago Guerreiro

Asymptotically safe quantum gravity is a promising candidate scenario to provide a UV extension for the effective quantum field theory of Einstein's gravity. The theory has its foundations on the very successful framework of quantum field…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-27 Biao Zhou , Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Sourabh Nampalliwar , Ashutosh Tripathi

Accreting black holes often show iron line emission in their X-ray spectra. When this line emission is very broad or variable then it is likely to originate from close to the black hole. The theory and observations of such broad and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 A. C. Fabian

The presence of spacetime singularities in physically relevant solutions of the Einstein Equations is normally interpreted as a symptom of the breakdown of classical general relativity at very high densities/curvatures. However, despite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-08 Shafqat Riaz , Swarnim Shashank , Rittick Roy , Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Zuobin Zhang , Menglei Zhou

Can we give the graviton a mass? Does it even make sense to speak of a massive graviton? In this essay I shall answer these questions in the affirmative. I shall outline an alternative to Einstein Gravity that satisfies the Equivalence…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Matt Visser

General Relativity has shown an outstanding observational success in the scales where it has been directly tested. However, modifications have been intensively explored in the regimes where it seems either incomplete or signals its own…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-02-14 Jose Beltran Jimenez , Lavinia Heisenberg , Gonzalo J. Olmo , Diego Rubiera-Garcia

General relativity can be formulated either as in its original geometrical version (Einstein, 1915) or as a field theory (Feynman, 1962). In the Feynman presentation of Einstein theory an hypothesis concerning the interaction of gravity to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Novello , V. A. De Lorenci

Extreme-mass-ratio-inspiral observations from future space-based gravitational-wave detectors such as LISA will enable strong-field tests of general relativity with unprecedented precision, but at prohibitive computational cost if existing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-07 Alvin J. K. Chua , Sonke Hee , Will J. Handley , Edward Higson , Christopher J. Moore , Jonathan R. Gair , Michael P. Hobson , Anthony N. Lasenby