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Batch Normalization (BN) is extensively employed in various network architectures by performing standardization within mini-batches. A full understanding of the process has been a central target in the deep learning communities. Unlike…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Lei Huang , Lei Zhao , Yi Zhou , Fan Zhu , Li Liu , Ling Shao

Despite the remarkable success of deep neural networks (DNNs), the security threat of adversarial attacks poses a significant challenge to the reliability of DNNs. In this paper, both theoretically and empirically, we discover a universal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ran Wang , Xinlei Zhou , Meng Hu , Rihao Li , Wenhui Wu , Yuheng Jia

Machine learning models, including state-of-the-art deep neural networks, are vulnerable to small perturbations that cause unexpected classification errors. This unexpected lack of robustness raises fundamental questions about their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Andras Rozsa , Manuel Gunther , Terrance E. Boult

As humans, we inherently perceive images based on their predominant features, and ignore noise embedded within lower bit planes. On the contrary, Deep Neural Networks are known to confidently misclassify images corrupted with meticulously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Sravanti Addepalli , Vivek B. S. , Arya Baburaj , Gaurang Sriramanan , R. Venkatesh Babu

Deep convolutional networks often append additive constant ("bias") terms to their convolution operations, enabling a richer repertoire of functional mappings. Biases are also used to facilitate training, by subtracting mean response over…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-11 Sreyas Mohan , Zahra Kadkhodaie , Eero P. Simoncelli , Carlos Fernandez-Granda

Adversarial robustness has received increasing attention along with the study of adversarial examples. So far, existing works show that robust models not only obtain robustness against various adversarial attacks but also boost the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Yang Bai , Xin Yan , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia , Yisen Wang

Batch normalization (BN) has become a standard technique for training the modern deep networks. However, its effectiveness diminishes when the batch size becomes smaller, since the batch statistics estimation becomes inaccurate. That…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Chunjie Luo , Jianfeng Zhan , Lei Wang , Wanling Gao

While the authors of Batch Normalization (BN) identify and address an important problem involved in training deep networks-- \textit{Internal Covariate Shift}-- the current solution has certain drawbacks. For instance, BN depends on batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-21 Devansh Arpit , Yingbo Zhou , Hung Ngo , Venu Govindaraju

Batch normalization has proven to be a very beneficial mechanism to accelerate the training and improve the accuracy of deep neural networks in centralized environments. Yet, the scheme faces significant challenges in federated learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Rachid Guerraoui , Rafael Pinot , Geovani Rizk , John Stephan , François Taiani

Neural networks are vulnerable to small adversarial perturbations. Existing literature largely focused on understanding and mitigating the vulnerability of learned models. In this paper, we demonstrate an intriguing phenomenon about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Gavin Weiguang Ding , Kry Yik Chau Lui , Xiaomeng Jin , Luyu Wang , Ruitong Huang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. It is thus imperative to devise effective attack algorithms to identify the deficiencies of DNNs beforehand in security-sensitive applications. To efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Jianping Zhang , Weibin Wu , Jen-tse Huang , Yizhan Huang , Wenxuan Wang , Yuxin Su , Michael R. Lyu

Adversarial machine learning in the context of image processing and related applications has received a large amount of attention. However, adversarial machine learning, especially adversarial deep learning, in the context of malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Deqiang Li , Ramesh Baral , Tao Li , Han Wang , Qianmu Li , Shouhuai Xu

A significant advance in accelerating neural network training has been the development of normalization methods, permitting the training of deep models both faster and with better accuracy. These advances come with practical challenges: for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Jasmine Collins , Johannes Balle , Jonathon Shlens

Deep neural networks (DNN) are increasingly applied in safety-critical systems, e.g., for face recognition, autonomous car control and malware detection. It is also shown that DNNs are subject to attacks such as adversarial perturbation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Yizhen Dong , Peixin Zhang , Jingyi Wang , Shuang Liu , Jun Sun , Jianye Hao , Xinyu Wang , Li Wang , Jin Song Dong , Dai Ting

Adversarial training has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective remedies for defending adversarial examples, yet it often suffers from the huge robustness generalization gap on unseen testing adversaries, deemed as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Aishan Liu , Shiyu Tang , Siyuan Liang , Ruihao Gong , Boxi Wu , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

With deep neural networks (DNNs) increasingly embedded in modern society, ensuring their safety has become a critical and urgent issue. In response, substantial efforts have been dedicated to the red-blue adversarial framework, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Runqi Lin

In recent years numerous methods have been developed to formally verify the robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs). Though the proposed techniques are effective in providing mathematical guarantees about the DNNs behavior, it is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Debangshu Banerjee , Avaljot Singh , Gagandeep Singh

Batch normalization dramatically increases the largest trainable depth of residual networks, and this benefit has been crucial to the empirical success of deep residual networks on a wide range of benchmarks. We show that this key benefit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Soham De , Samuel L. Smith

Modern deep convolutional networks (CNNs) are often criticized for not generalizing under distributional shifts. However, several recent breakthroughs in transfer learning suggest that these networks can cope with severe distribution shifts…

In the contemporary of deep learning, where models often grapple with the challenge of simultaneously achieving robustness against adversarial attacks and strong generalization capabilities, this study introduces an innovative Local Feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yunpeng Gong , Chuangliang Zhang , Yongjie Hou , Lifei Chen , Min Jiang