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We address the problem of learning binary decision trees that partition data for some downstream task. We propose to learn discrete parameters (i.e., for tree traversals and node pruning) and continuous parameters (i.e., for tree split…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Valentina Zantedeschi , Matt J. Kusner , Vlad Niculae

Based on decision trees, many fields have arguably made tremendous progress in recent years. In simple words, decision trees use the strategy of "divide-and-conquer" to divide the complex problem on the dependency between input features and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Jinxiong Zhang

Decision Trees (DTs) are commonly used for many machine learning tasks due to their high degree of interpretability. However, learning a DT from data is a difficult optimization problem, as it is non-convex and non-differentiable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Sascha Marton , Stefan Lüdtke , Christian Bartelt , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

To acquire a new skill, humans learn better and faster if a tutor, based on their current knowledge level, informs them of how much attention they should pay to particular content or practice problems. Similarly, a machine learning model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Xinyi Wang , Hieu Pham , Paul Michel , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Jaime Carbonell , Graham Neubig

Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) has achieved remarkable success in a wide variety of applications. The split finding algorithm, which determines the tree construction process, is one of the most crucial components of GBDT. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Zheyu Zhang , Tianping Zhang , Jian Li

Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) is one of the most popular machine learning models in various applications. However, in the traditional settings, all data should be simultaneously accessed in the training procedure: it does not allow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Huawei Lin , Jun Woo Chung , Yingjie Lao , Weijie Zhao

Tree-based models are widely recognized for their interpretability and have proven effective in various application domains, particularly in high-stakes domains. However, learning decision trees (DTs) poses a significant challenge due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sascha Marton

Decision trees are ubiquitous in machine learning for their ease of use and interpretability. Yet, these models are not typically employed in reinforcement learning as they cannot be updated online via stochastic gradient descent. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Andrew Silva , Taylor Killian , Ivan Dario Jimenez Rodriguez , Sung-Hyun Son , Matthew Gombolay

Deep networks and decision forests (such as random forests and gradient boosted trees) are the leading machine learning methods for structured and tabular data, respectively. Many papers have empirically compared large numbers of…

Gradient boosting machines (GBMs) based on decision trees consistently demonstrate state-of-the-art results on regression and classification tasks with tabular data, often outperforming deep neural networks. However, these models do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Tristan Cinquin , Tammo Rukat , Philipp Schmidt , Martin Wistuba , Artur Bekasov

Tree ensemble algorithms as RandomForest and GradientBoosting are currently the dominant methods for modeling discrete or tabular data, however, they are unable to perform a hierarchical representation learning from raw data as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Ángel Delgado-Panadero , José Alberto Benítez-Andrades , María Teresa García-Ordás

Gradient-boosted trees achieve strong performance on tabular data, yet often leave a long tail of poorly predicted instances. We introduce a Trajectory-based Difficulty Score (TDS), an instance-level difficulty estimator for boosted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tomer Lavi , Bracha Shapira , Nadav Rappoport

Gradient boosted trees are competition-winning, general-purpose, non-parametric regressors, which exploit sequential model fitting and gradient descent to minimize a specific loss function. The most popular implementations are tailored to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Lorenzo Nespoli , Vasco Medici

Gradient-boosted decision trees are among the strongest off-the-shelf predictors for tabular regression, but point predictions alone do not quantify uncertainty. Conformal prediction provides distribution-free marginal coverage, yet split…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Vagner Santos , Victor Coscrato , Luben Cabezas , Rafael Izbicki , Thiago Ramos

There is an increasing interest in the application of deep learning architectures to tabular data. One of the state-of-the-art solutions is TabTransformer which incorporates an attention mechanism to better track relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Radostin Cholakov , Todor Kolev

Differential performance debugging is a technique to find performance problems. It applies in situations where the performance of a program is (unexpectedly) different for different classes of inputs. The task is to explain the differences…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Saeid Tizpaz-Niari , Pavol Cerny , Bor-Yuh Evan Chang , Ashutosh Trivedi

As the size, complexity, and availability of data continues to grow, scientists are increasingly relying upon black-box learning algorithms that can often provide accurate predictions with minimal a priori model specifications. Tools like…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-10 Lucas Mentch , Siyu Zhou

Tabular data is hard to acquire and is subject to missing values. This paper introduces a novel approach for generating and imputing mixed-type (continuous and categorical) tabular data utilizing score-based diffusion and conditional flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau , Kilian Fatras , Tal Kachman

Large Language Models (LLM) have brought numerous of new applications to Machine Learning (ML). In the context of tabular data (TD), recent studies show that TabLLM is a very powerful mechanism for few-shot-learning (FSL) applications, even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Carlos Huertas

Tabular data is the most abundant data type in the world, powering systems in finance, healthcare, e-commerce, and beyond. As tabular datasets grow and span multiple related targets, there is an increasing need to exploit shared task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Dimitrios Sinodinos , Jack Yi Wei , Narges Armanfard