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We investigate the formation of planetesimals via the gravitational instability of solids that have settled to the midplane of a circumstellar disk. Vertical shear between the gas and a subdisk of solids induces turbulent mixing which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrew N. Youdin , Frank H. Shu

The presence of an early-formed giant planet in the protoplanetary disk has mixed influence on the growth of other planetary embryos. Gravitational perturbation from the planet can increase the relative velocities of planetesimals at the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Kangrou Guo , Eiichiro Kokubo

Planet formation around one component of a tight, eccentric binary system such as $\gamma$ Cephei (with semimajor axis around 20 AU) is theoretically challenging because of destructive high-velocity collisions between planetesimals. Despite…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-18 Kedron Silsbee , Roman R. Rafikov

After 25 years of laboratory research on protoplanetary dust agglomeration, a consistent picture of the various processes that involve colliding dust aggregates has emerged. Besides sticking, bouncing and fragmentation, other effects, like,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-21 Jürgen Blum

It has been long proposed that, if all the terrestrial planets form within a tiny ring of solid material at around 1 AU, the concentrated mass-distance distribution of the current system can be reproduced. Recent planetesimal formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-10 J. M. Y. Woo , A. Morbidelli , S. L. Grimm , J. Stadel , R. Brasser

Extreme debris disks can show short term behaviour through the evolution and clearing of small grains produced in giant impacts, and potentially a longer period of variability caused by a planetesimal population formed from giant impact…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-21 Lewis Watt , Zoë M. Leinhardt , Philip J. Carter

This chapter concerns the long-term dynamical evolution of planetary systems from both theoretical and observational perspectives. We begin by discussing the planet-planet interactions that take place within our own Solar System. We then…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Melvyn B. Davies , Fred C. Adams , Philip Armitage , John Chambers , Eric Ford , Alessandro Morbidelli , Sean N. Raymond , Dimitri Veras

We investigate the process of an inhomogeneous planetesimal disk evolution caused by the planetesimal-planetesimal gravitational scattering. We develop a rather general approach based on the kinetic theory which self-consistently describes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Roman R. Rafikov

Planet formation encompasses processes that span a remarkable 40 magnitudes in mass, ranging from collisions between micron-sized grains inherited from the ISM to the accretion of gas by giant planets. The planet formation process takes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Chris Ormel

Planet formation occurs within the gas and dust rich environments of protoplanetary disks. Observations of these objects show that the growth of primordial sub micron sized particles into larger aggregates occurs at the earliest stages of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Pascale Garaud , Farzana Meru , Marina Galvagni , Christoph Olczak

We explore the growth of planetary embryos by planetesimal accretion up to and beyond the point where pebble accretion becomes efficient at the so-called Hill-transition mass. Both the transition mass and the characteristic mass of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-19 Sebastian Lorek , Anders Johansen

We present a set of numerical simulations of the dynamical evolution of compact planetary systems migrating in a protoplanetary disk whose inner edge is sculpted by the interaction with the stellar magnetic field, as described in Yu et al.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-03 Brad M. S. Hansen , Tze-Yeung Yu , Neel Nagarajan , Yasuhiro Hasegawa

When planetesimals grow via collisions in a turbulent disk, stirring through density fluctuation caused by turbulence effectively increases the relative velocities between planetesimals, which suppresses the onset of runaway growth. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-03 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Hidekazu Tanaka , Satoshi Okuzumi

Due to the gravitational influence of density fluctuations driven by magneto-rotational instability in the gas disk, planetesimals and protoplanets undergo diffusive radial migration as well as changes in other orbital properties. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Chao-Chin Yang , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Kristen Menou

In the core accretion model, planetesimals grow by mutual collisions and engulfing millimeter-to-centimeter particles, i.e., pebbles. Pebble accretion can significantly increase the accretion efficiency and help explain the presence of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-16 Tong Fang , Hui Zhang , Shangfei Liu , Beibei Liu , Hongping Deng

Protoplanetary discs are dynamic environments where the interplay between chemical processes and mass transport shapes the composition of gas and dust available for planet formation. We investigate the combined effects of volatile chemistry…

In this paper I focus on three topics related to the dynamical evolution of small galaxy groups, for which the input of N-body simulations has been decisive. These are the merging rates in compact groups, the properties of remnants of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Athanassoula

The ubiquity of planets and diversity of planetary systems reveal planet formation encompass many complex and competing processes. In this series of papers, we develop and upgrade a population synthesis model as a tool to identify the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 S. Ida , D. N. C. Lin , M. Nagasawa

Population synthesis models of planetary systems developed during the last $\sim$15 years could reproduce several of the observables of the exoplanet population, and also allowed to constrain planetary formation models. We present our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-16 M. P. Ronco , O. M. Guilera , G. C. de Elía

Context. Planet formation with pebbles has been proposed to solve a couple of long-standing issues in the classical formation model. Some sophisticated simulations have been done to confirm the efficiency of pebble accretion. However, there…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-29 Soko Matsumura , Ramon Brasser , Shigeru Ida