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Video game playing is an extremely structured domain where algorithmic decision-making can be tested without adverse real-world consequences. While prevailing methods rely on image inputs to avoid the problem of hand-crafting state space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Abhishek Jaiswal , Nisheeth Srivastava

Communication via natural language is a key aspect of machine intelligence, and it requires computational models to learn and reason about world concepts, with varying levels of supervision. Significant progress has been made on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Prateek Chhikara , Jiarui Zhang , Filip Ilievski , Jonathan Francis , Kaixin Ma

Existing reasoning evaluation paradigms suffer from different limitations: fixed benchmarks are increasingly saturated and vulnerable to contamination, while preference-based evaluations rely on subjective judgments. We argue that a core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Baoqing Yue , Zihan Zhu , Yutong Han , Brian Fan , Qian Sun , Jichen Feng , Hufei Yang , Yifan Zhang , Mengdi Wang

Why should computers interpret language incrementally? In recent years psycholinguistic evidence for incremental interpretation has become more and more compelling, suggesting that humans perform semantic interpretation before constituent…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2016-08-31 David Milward , Robin Cooper

While achieving tremendous success in various fields, existing multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with a black-box neural network makes decisions in an opaque manner that hinders humans from understanding the learned knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zichuan Liu , Yuanyang Zhu , Zhi Wang , Yang Gao , Chunlin Chen

In recent years, vision-language research has shifted to study tasks which require more complex reasoning, such as interactive question answering, visual common sense reasoning, and question-answer plausibility prediction. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Andrea Burns , Deniz Arsan , Sanjna Agrawal , Ranjitha Kumar , Kate Saenko , Bryan A. Plummer

As Machine Learning (ML) systems becomes more ubiquitous, ensuring the fair and equitable application of their underlying algorithms is of paramount importance. We argue that one way to achieve this is to proactively cultivate public…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Eric Chu , Nabeel Gillani , Sneha Priscilla Makini

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework for solving sequential decision-making problems. In this work, we demonstrate that, surprisingly, RL emerges during the inference time of large language models (LLMs), a phenomenon we term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kefan Song , Amir Moeini , Peng Wang , Lei Gong , Rohan Chandra , Shangtong Zhang , Yanjun Qi

Human thinking requires the brain to understand the meaning of language expression and to properly organize the thoughts flow using the language. However, current natural language processing models are primarily limited in the word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Feng Qi , Wenchuan Wu

The interactive game theoretical approach to tactics and behavioral self-organization is developed. Though it uses the interactive game theoretical formalization of dialogues as psycholinguistic phenomena, the crucial role is played by the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Denis V. Juriev

Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is the task of answering a question over a paragraph of text. While neural MRC systems gain popularity and achieve noticeable performance, issues are being raised with the methodology used to establish…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Viktor Schlegel , Marco Valentino , André Freitas , Goran Nenadic , Riza Batista-Navarro

Multilingual pre-trained models could leverage the training data from a rich source language (such as English) to improve performance on low resource languages. However, the transfer quality for multilingual Machine Reading Comprehension…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Fei Yuan , Linjun Shou , Xuanyu Bai , Ming Gong , Yaobo Liang , Nan Duan , Yan Fu , Daxin Jiang

Many important security problems in JavaScript, such as browser extension security, untrusted JavaScript libraries and safe integration of mutually distrustful websites (mash-ups), may be effectively addressed using an efficient…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Stefan Heule , Deian Stefan , Edward Z. Yang , John C. Mitchell , Alejandro Russo

We formally introduce a improvisational wordplay game called Connections to explore reasoning capabilities of AI agents. Playing Connections combines skills in knowledge retrieval, summarization and awareness of cognitive states of other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Gaurav Rajesh Parikh , Angikar Ghosal

Recent advances in reinforcement learning have proved that given an environment we can learn to perform a task in that environment if we have access to some form of a reward function (dense, sparse or derived from IRL). But most of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Aadil Hayat , Utsav Singh , Vinay P. Namboodiri

Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning abilities are increasingly being applied to classical board and card games, but the dominant approach -- involving prompting for direct move generation -- has significant drawbacks. It relies on the…

Semantic interpretability in Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables transparency and verifiability of decision-making. Achieving semantic interpretability in reinforcement learning requires (1) a feature space composed of human-understandable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhaoxin Li , Zhang Xi-Jia , Batuhan Altundas , Letian Chen , Rohan Paleja , Matthew Gombolay

Simple reference games are of central theoretical and empirical importance in the study of situated language use. Although language provides rich, compositional truth-conditional semantics to facilitate reference, speakers and listeners may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Judy Hanwen Shen , Matthias Hofer , Bjarke Felbo , Roger Levy

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is the problem of inferring the reward function of an agent, given its policy or observed behavior. Analogous to RL, IRL is perceived both as a problem and as a class of methods. By categorically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Saurabh Arora , Prashant Doshi

A large body of research is currently investigating on the connection between machine learning and game theory. In this work, game theory notions are injected into a preference learning framework. Specifically, a preference learning problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Mirko Polato , Fabio Aiolli