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Difference-in-differences (DID) approaches are widely used for estimating causal effects with observational data before and after an intervention. DID traditionally estimates the average treatment effect among the treated after making a…

The use of historical controls offers a valuable alternative when traditional randomized controlled trials are not feasible. However, such approaches may introduce bias due to temporal changes in patient populations, diagnostic criteria,…

This paper introduces RankMatch, an innovative approach for Semi-Supervised Label Distribution Learning (SSLDL). Addressing the challenge of limited labeled data, RankMatch effectively utilizes a small number of labeled examples in…

Generalization methods offer a powerful solution to one of the key drawbacks of randomized controlled trials (RCTs): their limited representativeness. By enabling the transport of treatment effect estimates to target populations subject to…

The restricted mean survival time (RMST) is a widely used quantity in survival analysis due to its straightforward interpretation. For instance, predicting the time to event based on patient attributes is of great interest when analyzing…

Temporal difference (TD) methods constitute a class of methods for learning predictions in multi-step prediction problems, parameterized by a recency factor lambda. Currently the most important application of these methods is to temporal…

In this paper we consider a Lagrange Multiplier-type test (LM) to detect change in the mean of time series with heteroskedasticity of unknown form. We derive the limiting distribution under the null, and prove the consistency of the test…

Conventional stochastic control methods have several limitations. They focus on optimizing the average performance and, in some cases, performance variability; however, their problem settings still require an explicit specification of the…

Leveraging external or historical data to improve the efficiency of randomized clinical trials without introducing bias or inflating the Type I error rate remains challenging. Recent work on externally trained prognostic scores, such as…

The paper introduces a new kernel-based Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) statistic for measuring the distance between two distributions given finitely-many multivariate samples. When the distributions are locally low-dimensional, the proposed…

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), the absence of active exploration calls for attention on the model robustness to tackle the sim-to-real gap, where the discrepancy between the simulated and deployed environments can significantly…

In the high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, the Z'-factor and strictly standardized mean difference (SSMD) are commonly used to assess the quality of assays and to select hits. However, these measures are vulnerable to outliers and…

In the era of data science, it is common to encounter data with different subsets of variables obtained for different cases. An example is the split questionnaire design (SQD), which is adopted to reduce respondent fatigue and improve…

Regression discontinuity (RD) designs are popular quasi-experimental studies in which treatment assignment depends on whether the value of a running variable exceeds a cutoff. RD designs are increasingly popular in educational applications…

We study the estimation of the value function for continuous-time Markov diffusion processes using a single, discretely observed ergodic trajectory. Our work provides non-asymptotic statistical guarantees for the least-squares…

Reward comparisons are vital for evaluating differences in agent behaviors induced by a set of reward functions. Most conventional techniques utilize the input reward functions to learn optimized policies, which are then used to compare…

Random matrix theory (RMT) successfully predicts universal statistical properties of complicated wave scattering systems in the semiclassical limit, while the random coupling model offers a complete statistical model with a simple additive…

The deep model training procedure requires large-scale datasets of annotated data. Due to the difficulty of annotating a large number of samples, label noise caused by incorrect annotations is inevitable, resulting in low model performance…

Competing risk analysis accounts for multiple mutually exclusive events, improving risk estimation over traditional survival analysis. Despite methodological advancements, a comprehensive comparison of competing risk methods, especially in…

Data used for training structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are expensive and often impractical to obtain, particularly labelled data. Population-based SHM presents a potential solution to this issue by considering the available data…