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The mean past lifetime (MPL) is an important tool in reliability and survival analysis for measuring the average time elapsed since the occurrence of an event, under the condition that the event has occurred before a specific time $t>0$.…
The standardized mean difference (SMD) is a widely used measure of effect size, particularly common in psychology, clinical trials, and meta-analysis involving continuous outcomes. Traditionally, under the equal variance assumption, the SMD…
Research on modeling the distributional aspects in sensor-based digital health (sDHT) data has grown significantly in recent years. Most existing approaches focus on using individual-specific density or quantile functions. However, there…
In systematic reviews and meta-analysis, researchers often pool the results of the sample mean and standard deviation from a set of similar clinical trials. A number of the trials, however, reported the study using the median, the minimum…
Binary endpoints are common in clinical trials and conditional odds ratios have traditionally been used to assess treatment effects. However, the interpretation of odds ratios is difficult, they are non-collapsible and rely on strong…
In causal inference with binary outcomes, there is a growing interest in estimation of treatment harm rate (THR), which is a measure of treatment risk and reveals treatment effect heterogeneity in a subpopulation. The THR is generally…
What can be considered an appropriate statistical method for the primary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) with a time-to-event endpoint when we anticipate non-proportional hazards owing to a delayed effect? This question has…
The Cox regression model and its associated hazard ratio (HR) are frequently used for summarizing the effect of treatments on time to event outcomes. However, the HR's interpretation strongly depends on the assumed underlying survival…
The restricted mean survival time (RMST) model has been garnering attention as a way to provide a clinically intuitive measure: the mean survival time. RMST models, which use methods based on pseudo time-to-event values and inverse…
We present a new estimator of the restricted mean survival time in randomized trials where there is right censoring that may depend on treatment and baseline variables. The proposed estimator leverages prognostic baseline variables to…
Nowadays, massive datasets are typically dispersed across multiple locations, encountering dual challenges of high dimensionality and huge sample size. Therefore, it is necessary to explore sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods for…
Given the limitations of using the Cox hazard ratio to summarize the magnitude of the treatment effect, alternative measures that do not have these limitations are gaining attention. One of the recently proposed alternative methods uses the…
The primary analysis for longitudinal randomized controlled trials (RCTs) often compares treatment groups at the last timepoint, referred to as the landmark time. Assuming data are normally distributed and missing at random, the mixed model…
The difference in restricted mean survival time (RMST) is a clinically meaningful measure to quantify treatment effect in randomized controlled trials, especially when the proportional hazards assumption does not hold. Several frequentist…
Covariate adjustment is desired by both practitioners and regulators of randomized clinical trials because it improves precision for estimating treatment effects. However, covariate adjustment presents a particular challenge in…
This paper discusses difference-in-differences (DID) estimation when there exist many control variables, potentially more than the sample size. In this case, traditional estimation methods, which require a limited number of variables, do…
Accelerated life tests (ALTs) play a crucial role in reliability analyses, providing lifetime estimates of highly reliable products. Among ALTs, step-stress design increases the stress level at predefined times, while maintaining a constant…
Dynamic treatment regimens (DTRs), also known as treatment algorithms or adaptive interventions, play an increasingly important role in many health domains. DTRs are motivated to address the unique and changing needs of individuals by…
Manufacturers are required to demonstrate products meet reliability targets. A typical way to achieve this is with reliability demonstration tests (RDTs), in which a number of products are put on test and the test is passed if a target…
In the analysis of square contingency tables with ordered categories, it is essential to assess deviations from marginal homogeneity (MH) when marginal equivalency between row and column variables does not hold. Some measures for evaluating…