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A key challenge in contrastive learning is to generate negative samples from a large sample set to contrast with positive samples, for learning better encoding of the data. These negative samples often follow a softmax distribution which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Chung-Yiu Yau , Hoi-To Wai , Parameswaran Raman , Soumajyoti Sarkar , Mingyi Hong

Contrastive loss has significantly improved performance in supervised classification tasks by using a multi-viewed framework that leverages augmentation and label information. The augmentation enables contrast with another view of a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Sangmin Bae , Sungnyun Kim , Jongwoo Ko , Gihun Lee , Seungjong Noh , Se-Young Yun

Advanced self-supervised visual representation learning methods rely on the instance discrimination (ID) pretext task. We point out that the ID task has an implicit semantic consistency (SC) assumption, which may not hold in unconstrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Yucheng Zhao , Guangting Wang , Chong Luo , Wenjun Zeng , Zheng-Jun Zha

Unsupervised representation learning with contrastive learning achieved great success. This line of methods duplicate each training batch to construct contrastive pairs, making each training batch and its augmented version forwarded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Pengguang Chen , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

As an exemplary self-supervised approach for representation learning, time-series contrastive learning has exhibited remarkable advancements in contemporary research. While recent contrastive learning strategies have focused on how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Xiyuan Jin , Jing Wang , Lei Liu , Youfang Lin

Contrastive self-supervised learning has outperformed supervised pretraining on many downstream tasks like segmentation and object detection. However, current methods are still primarily applied to curated datasets like ImageNet. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Wouter Van Gansbeke , Simon Vandenhende , Stamatios Georgoulis , Luc Van Gool

Contrastive learning has proven to be highly efficient and adaptable in shaping representation spaces across diverse modalities by pulling similar samples together and pushing dissimilar ones apart. However, two key limitations persist: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ziwen Wang , Jiajun Fan , Thao Nguyen , Heng Ji , Ge Liu

Unsupervised contrastive learning achieves great success in learning image representations with CNN. Unlike most recent methods that focused on improving accuracy of image classification, we present a novel contrastive learning approach,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Enze Xie , Jian Ding , Wenhai Wang , Xiaohang Zhan , Hang Xu , Peize Sun , Zhenguo Li , Ping Luo

MoCo is effective for unsupervised image representation learning. In this paper, we propose VideoMoCo for unsupervised video representation learning. Given a video sequence as an input sample, we improve the temporal feature representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Tian Pan , Yibing Song , Tianyu Yang , Wenhao Jiang , Wei Liu

Unsupervised meta-learning aims to learn generalizable knowledge across a distribution of tasks constructed from unlabeled data. Here, the main challenge is how to construct diverse tasks for meta-learning without label information; recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Huiwon Jang , Hankook Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Self-supervised learning is a machine learning approach that generates implicit labels by learning underlined patterns and extracting discriminative features from unlabeled data without manual labelling. Contrastive learning introduces the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Asifullah Khan , Laiba Asmatullah , Anza Malik , Shahzaib Khan , Hamna Asif

Momentum Contrast (MoCo) achieves great success for unsupervised visual representation. However, there are a lot of supervised and semi-supervised datasets, which are already labeled. To fully utilize the label annotations, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Zhigang Dai , Bolun Cai , Yugeng Lin , Junying Chen

Contrastive learning operates on a simple yet effective principle: Embeddings of positive pairs are pulled together, while those of negative pairs are pushed apart. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for understanding contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Chungpa Lee , Sehee Lim , Kibok Lee , Jy-yong Sohn

A steady momentum of innovations and breakthroughs has convincingly pushed the limits of unsupervised image representation learning. Compared to static 2D images, video has one more dimension (time). The inherent supervision existing in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Ting Yao , Yiheng Zhang , Zhaofan Qiu , Yingwei Pan , Tao Mei

Recently, self-supervised representation learning gives further development in multimedia technology. Most existing self-supervised learning methods are applicable to packaged data. However, when it comes to streamed data, they are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Zhiwei Lin , Yongtao Wang , Hongxiang Lin

Noise contrastive learning is a popular technique for unsupervised representation learning. In this approach, a representation is obtained via reduction to supervised learning, where given a notion of semantic similarity, the learner tries…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Jordan T. Ash , Surbhi Goel , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Dipendra Misra

Contrastive learning (CL) is widely known to require many negative samples, 65536 in MoCo for instance, for which the performance of a dictionary-free framework is often inferior because the negative sample size (NSS) is limited by its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Chaoning Zhang , Kang Zhang , Trung X. Pham , Axi Niu , Zhinan Qiao , Chang D. Yoo , In So Kweon

Contrastive Self-supervised Learning (CSL) is a practical solution that learns meaningful visual representations from massive data in an unsupervised approach. The ordinary CSL embeds the features extracted from neural networks onto…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Shentong Mo , Zhun Sun , Chao Li

We introduce in this paper a new statistical perspective, exploiting the Jaccard similarity metric, as a measure-based metric to effectively invoke non-linear features in the loss of self-supervised contrastive learning. Specifically, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Bo Jiang , Hamid Krim , Tianfu Wu , Derya Cansever

In this paper, we study contrastive learning from an optimization perspective, aiming to analyze and address a fundamental issue of existing contrastive learning methods that either rely on a large batch size or a large dictionary of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Zhuoning Yuan , Yuexin Wu , Zi-Hao Qiu , Xianzhi Du , Lijun Zhang , Denny Zhou , Tianbao Yang