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In this paper we develop a principled, probabilistic, unified approach to non-standard classification tasks, such as semi-supervised, positive-unlabelled, multi-positive-unlabelled and noisy-label learning. We train a classifier on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Jeppe Nørregaard , Lars Kai Hansen

A common approach in positive-unlabeled learning is to train a classification model between labeled and unlabeled data. This strategy is in fact known to give an optimal classifier under mild conditions; however, it results in biased…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-03 Shantanu Jain , Martha White , Predrag Radivojac

Deep neural networks can memorize corrupted labels, making data quality critical for model performance, yet real-world datasets are frequently compromised by both label noise and input noise. This paper proposes a mutual information-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jinghan Yang , Jiayu Weng

The incompleteness of positive labels and the presence of many unlabelled instances are common problems in binary classification applications such as in review helpfulness classification. Various studies from the classification literature…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Xi Wang , Iadh Ounis , Craig Macdonald

We address the issue of binary classification from positive and unlabeled data (PU classification) with a selection bias in the positive data. During the observation process, (i) a sample is exposed to a user, (ii) the user then returns the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Masahiro Kato , Shuting Wu , Kodai Kureishi , Shota Yasui

Being cautious is crucial for enhancing the trustworthiness of machine learning systems integrated into decision-making pipelines. Although calibrated probabilities help in optimal decision-making, perfect calibration remains unattainable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Mari-Liis Allikivi , Joonas Järve , Meelis Kull

Audio signal processing algorithms are frequently assessed through subjective listening tests in which participants directly score degraded signals on a unidimensional numerical scale. However, this approach is susceptible to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-26 Jack Webb , Lorenzo Picinali

A well-known metric for quantifying the similarity between two clusterings is the adjusted mutual information. Compared to mutual information, a corrective term based on random permutations of the labels is introduced, preventing two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Denys Lazarenko , Thomas Bonald

Learning contrastive representations from pairwise comparisons has achieved remarkable success in various fields, such as natural language processing, computer vision, and information retrieval. Collaborative filtering algorithms based on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Bin Liu , Qin Luo , Bang Wang

In supervised learning, we often face with ambiguous (A) samples that are difficult to label even by domain experts. In this paper, we consider a binary classification problem in the presence of such A samples. This problem is substantially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Naoya Otani , Yosuke Otsubo , Tetsuya Koike , Masashi Sugiyama

Teaching Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to accurately classify nodes under severely noisy labels is an important problem in real-world graph learning applications, but is currently underexplored. Although pairwise training methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Xuefeng Du , Tian Bian , Yu Rong , Bo Han , Tongliang Liu , Tingyang Xu , Wenbing Huang , Yixuan Li , Junzhou Huang

In PU learning, a binary classifier is trained from positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data without negative (N) data. Although N data is missing, it sometimes outperforms PN learning (i.e., ordinary supervised learning). Hitherto, neither…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-31 Gang Niu , Marthinus Christoffel du Plessis , Tomoya Sakai , Yao Ma , Masashi Sugiyama

We introduce RIPE, an innovative reinforcement learning-based framework for weakly-supervised training of a keypoint extractor that excels in both detection and description tasks. In contrast to conventional training regimes that depend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Johannes Künzel , Anna Hilsmann , Peter Eisert

The scalability of the labeling process and the attainable quality of labels have become limiting factors for many applications of machine learning. The programmatic creation of labeled datasets via the synthesis of noisy heuristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Benedikt Boecking , Artur Dubrawski

We consider a problem of learning a binary classifier only from positive data and unlabeled data (PU learning) and estimating the class-prior in unlabeled data under the case-control scenario. Most of the recent methods of PU learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Masahiro Kato , Liyuan Xu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Most of the semi-supervised classification methods developed so far use unlabeled data for regularization purposes under particular distributional assumptions such as the cluster assumption. In contrast, recently developed methods of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Tomoya Sakai , Marthinus Christoffel du Plessis , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Binary classification is a task that involves the classification of data into one of two distinct classes. It is widely utilized in various fields. However, conventional classifiers tend to make overconfident predictions for data that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Shoma Yokura , Akihisa Ichiki

This work presents a new strategy for multi-class classification that requires no class-specific labels, but instead leverages pairwise similarity between examples, which is a weaker form of annotation. The proposed method, meta…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-04 Yen-Chang Hsu , Zhaoyang Lv , Joel Schlosser , Phillip Odom , Zsolt Kira

Zero-shot text classifiers based on label descriptions embed an input text and a set of labels into the same space: measures such as cosine similarity can then be used to select the most similar label description to the input text as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Angelo Basile , Marc Franco-Salvador , Paolo Rosso

Remote sensing scene classification aims to assign a specific semantic label to a remote sensing image. Recently, convolutional neural networks have greatly improved the performance of remote sensing scene classification. However, some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Zhang Yue , Zheng Xiangtao , Lu Xiaoqiang