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Imbalance in classification tasks is commonly quantified by the cardinalities of examples across classes. This, however, disregards the presence of redundant examples and inherent differences in the learning difficulties of classes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Çağrı Eser , Zeynep Sonat Baltacı , Emre Akbaş , Sinan Kalkan

Class imbalance is a common problem in medical diagnosis, causing a standard classifier to be biased towards the common classes and perform poorly on the rare classes. This is especially true for dermatology, a specialty with thousands of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Wei-Hung Weng , Jonathan Deaton , Vivek Natarajan , Gamaleldin F. Elsayed , Yuan Liu

Real-world visual data often exhibits a long-tailed distribution, where some ''head'' classes have a large number of samples, yet only a few samples are available for ''tail'' classes. Such imbalanced distribution causes a great challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Junjie Zhang , Lingqiao Liu , Peng Wang , Chunhua Shen

With the wide application of machine learning algorithms to the real world, class imbalance and concept drift have become crucial learning issues. Class imbalance happens when the data categories are not equally represented, i.e., at least…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Shuo Wang , Leandro L. Minku , Nitesh Chawla , Xin Yao

Real-world datasets exhibit imbalances of varying types and degrees. Several techniques based on re-weighting and margin adjustment of loss are often used to enhance the performance of neural networks, particularly on minority classes. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Harsh Rangwani , Sumukh K Aithal , Mayank Mishra , R. Venkatesh Babu

Many real-world applications reveal difficulties in learning classifiers from imbalanced data. The rising big data era has been witnessing more classification tasks with large-scale but extremely imbalance and low-quality datasets. Most of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Zhining Liu , Wei Cao , Zhifeng Gao , Jiang Bian , Hechang Chen , Yi Chang , Tie-Yan Liu

Deep clustering successfully provides more effective features than conventional ones and thus becomes an important technique in current unsupervised learning. However, most deep clustering methods ignore the vital positive and negative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Zhiyuan Dang , Cheng Deng , Xu Yang , Heng Huang

While tasks could come with varying the number of instances and classes in realistic settings, the existing meta-learning approaches for few-shot classification assume that the number of instances per task and class is fixed. Due to such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Hae Beom Lee , Hayeon Lee , Donghyun Na , Saehoon Kim , Minseop Park , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

Classifiers trained with class-imbalanced data are known to perform poorly on test data of the "minor" classes, of which we have insufficient training data. In this paper, we investigate learning a ConvNet classifier under such a scenario.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Han-Jia Ye , Hong-You Chen , De-Chuan Zhan , Wei-Lun Chao

Class imbalance poses a significant challenge to supervised classification, particularly in critical domains like medical diagnostics and anomaly detection where minority class instances are rare. While numerous studies have explored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ali Nawaz , Amir Ahmad , Shehroz S. Khan

Deep long-tailed learning, one of the most challenging problems in visual recognition, aims to train well-performing deep models from a large number of images that follow a long-tailed class distribution. In the last decade, deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Yifan Zhang , Bingyi Kang , Bryan Hooi , Shuicheng Yan , Jiashi Feng

Some deep convolutional neural networks were proposed for time-series classification and class imbalanced problems. However, those models performed degraded and even failed to recognize the minority class of an imbalanced temporal sequences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Yue Geng , Xinyu Luo

In predictive tasks, real-world datasets often present different degrees of imbalanced (i.e., long-tailed or skewed) distributions. While the majority (the head) classes have sufficient samples, the minority (the tail) classes can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Chongsheng Zhang , Paolo Soda , Jingjun Bi , Gaojuan Fan , George Almpanidis , Salvador Garcia

The accuracy and fairness of perception systems in autonomous driving are essential, especially for vulnerable road users such as cyclists, pedestrians, and motorcyclists who face significant risks in urban driving environments. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Dewant Katare , David Solans Noguero , Souneil Park , Nicolas Kourtellis , Marijn Janssen , Aaron Yi Ding

Class-imbalance refers to classification problems in which many more instances are available for certain classes than for others. Such imbalanced datasets require special attention because traditional classifiers generally favor the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Rafael M. O. Cruz , Mariana A. Souza , Robert Sabourin , George D. C. Cavalcanti

Class imbalance is a problem of significant importance in applied deep learning where trained models are exploited for decision support and automated decisions in critical areas such as health and medicine, transportation, and finance. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Colin Bellinger , Roberto Corizzo , Nathalie Japkowicz

Dataset Condensation (DC) aims to reduce deep neural networks training efforts by synthesizing a small dataset such that it will be as effective as the original large dataset. Conventionally, DC relies on a costly bi-level optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Sahar Rahimi Malakshan , Mohammad Saeed Ebrahimi Saadabadi , Ali Dabouei , Nasser M. Nasrabadi

Continual learning from data streams is among the most important topics in contemporary machine learning. One of the biggest challenges in this domain lies in creating algorithms that can continuously adapt to arriving data. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Łukasz Korycki , Bartosz Krawczyk

A learning algorithm referred to as Maximum Margin (MM) is proposed for considering the class-imbalance data learning issue: the trained model tends to predict the majority of classes rather than the minority ones. That is, underfitting for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Haeyong Kang , Thang Vu , Chang D. Yoo

When dealing with imbalanced classification data, reweighting the loss function is a standard procedure allowing to equilibrate between the true positive and true negative rates within the risk measure. Despite significant theoretical work…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-17 Anass Aghbalou , François Portier , Anne Sabourin