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While multi-step adversarial training is widely popular as an effective defense method against strong adversarial attacks, its computational cost is notoriously expensive, compared to standard training. Several single-step adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Geon Yeong Park , Sang Wan Lee

Adversarial training has become the primary method to defend against adversarial samples. However, it is hard to practically apply due to many shortcomings. One of the shortcomings of adversarial training is that it will reduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Zhishen Nie , Ying Lin , Sp Ren , Lan Zhang

It is well known that adversarial attacks can fool deep neural networks with imperceptible perturbations. Although adversarial training significantly improves model robustness, failure cases of defense still broadly exist. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Boxi Wu , Heng Pan , Li Shen , Jindong Gu , Shuai Zhao , Zhifeng Li , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He , Wei Liu

In this paper, we study fast training of adversarially robust models. From the analyses of the state-of-the-art defense method, i.e., the multi-step adversarial training, we hypothesize that the gradient magnitude links to the model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Jianyu Wang , Haichao Zhang

Upon the discovery of adversarial attacks, robust models have become obligatory for deep learning-based systems. Adversarial training with first-order attacks has been one of the most effective defenses against adversarial perturbations to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Inci M. Baytas , Debayan Deb

Adversarial training may be regarded as standard training with a modified loss function. But its generalization error appears much larger than standard training under standard loss. This phenomenon, known as robust overfitting, has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Runzhi Tian , Yongyi Mao

Continual learning seeks the human-like ability to accumulate new skills in machine intelligence. Its central challenge is catastrophic forgetting, whose underlying cause has not been fully understood for deep networks. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ze Peng , Jian Zhang , Jintao Guo , Lei Qi , Yang Gao , Yinghuan Shi

Adversarial examples can cause catastrophic mistakes in Deep Neural Network (DNNs) based vision systems e.g., for classification, segmentation and object detection. The vulnerability of DNNs against such attacks can prove a major roadblock…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Muzammal Naseer , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Fatih Porikli

Transfer learning is often used to decrease the computational cost of model training, as fine-tuning a model allows a downstream task to leverage the features learned from the pre-training dataset and quickly adapt them to a new task. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Joshua C. Zhao , Saurabh Bagchi

Multimodal continual instruction tuning enables multimodal large language models to sequentially adapt to new tasks while building upon previously acquired knowledge. However, this continual learning paradigm faces the significant challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Songze Li , Mingyu Gao , Tonghua Su , Xu-Yao Zhang , Zhongjie Wang

This paper revisits the robust overfitting phenomenon of adversarial training. Observing that models with better robust generalization performance are less certain in predicting adversarially generated training inputs, we argue that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Minxing Zhang , Michael Backes , Xiao Zhang

Adversarial training (AT) has proven to be one of the most effective ways to defend Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) against adversarial attacks. However, the phenomenon of robust overfitting, i.e., the robustness will drop sharply at a certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Shudong Zhang , Haichang Gao , Tianwei Zhang , Yunyi Zhou , Zihui Wu

Learning adversarial examples can be formulated as an optimization problem of maximizing the loss function with some box-constraints. However, for solving this induced optimization problem, the state-of-the-art gradient-based methods such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Wei Tao , Lei Bao , Sheng Long , Gaowei Wu , Qing Tao

Adversarial training (AT) is one of the most effective strategies for promoting model robustness. However, recent benchmarks show that most of the proposed improvements on AT are less effective than simply early stopping the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Tianyu Pang , Xiao Yang , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Despite the remarkable success of Vision Transformers (ViTs) across a wide range of vision tasks, recent studies have revealed that they remain vulnerable to adversarial examples, much like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jiaming Zhang , Meng Ding , Shaopeng Fu , Jingfeng Zhang , Di Wang

Deep learning achieves state-of-the-art performance in many tasks but exposes to the underlying vulnerability against adversarial examples. Across existing defense techniques, adversarial training with the projected gradient decent attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tianjin Huang , Vlado Menkovski , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) based adversarial training has become one of the most prominent methods for building robust deep neural network models. However, the computational complexity associated with this approach, due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Sidharth Gupta , Parijat Dube , Ashish Verma

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks: adding well-crafted, imperceptible perturbations to their input can modify their output. Adversarial training is one of the most effective approaches to training robust models against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Hadi M. Dolatabadi , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

Neural networks are susceptible to adversarial examples-small input perturbations that cause models to fail. Adversarial training is one of the solutions that stops adversarial examples; models are exposed to attacks during training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Maximilian Kaufmann , Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Robert Mullins , Nicolas Papernot

Adversarial training and its many variants substantially improve deep network robustness, yet at the cost of compromising standard accuracy. Moreover, the training process is heavy and hence it becomes impractical to thoroughly explore the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Haotao Wang , Tianlong Chen , Shupeng Gui , Ting-Kuei Hu , Ji Liu , Zhangyang Wang