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Bitcoin and Ethereum are novel mechanisms for decentralizing the concept of money and computation. Extending decentralization to the human identity concept, we can think of using blockchain for creating a list of verified human identities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-21 MohammadJavad Hajialikhani , MohammadMahdi Jahanara

The Bitcoin system is an anonymous, decentralized crypto-currency. There are some deanonymizating techniques to cluster Bitcoin addresses and to map them to users' identifications in the two research directions of Analysis of Transaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-10-28 QingChun ShenTu , JianPing Yu

Blockchain and its application on cryptocurrency transactions have gathered a lot of attention and popularity since the birth of the pioneer Bitcoin in 2009. More than 1500 cryptocurrencies are currently circulated in the market. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Gourang Aggarwal , Vimal Patel , Gaurav Varshney , Kimberly Oostman

Cryptocurrency is a novel exploration of a form of currency that proposes a decentralized electronic payment scheme based on blockchain technology and cryptographic theory. While cryptocurrency has the security characteristics of being…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zekai Liu , Xiaoqi Li

Owing to Satoshi Nakamoto's brilliant idea, a P2P public ledger is shown to be implementable in anonymous network. Any Internet user can then join the anonymous network and contribute to the P2P public ledger by providing their computing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-02 DaeHun Nyang

Interest in cryptocurrencies has skyrocketed since their introduction a decade ago, with hundreds of billions of dollars now invested across a landscape of thousands of different cryptocurrencies. While there is significant diversity, there…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-22 Pierre Reibel , Haaroon Yousaf , Sarah Meiklejohn

The registration, transfer, clearing and settlement of equities represents a significant part of economic activity currently underserved by modern technological innovation. In addition, recent events have revealed problems of transparency,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-22 Brent Kievit-Kylar , Chris Horlacher , Marc Godard , Christian Saucier

Bitcoin is the first and undoubtedly most successful cryptocurrecny to date with a market capitalization of more than 100 billion dollars. Today, Bitcoin has more than 100,000 supporting merchants and more than 3 million active users.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Emmanouil Karampinakis , Michalis Pachilakis , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Antonis Krithinakis , Evangelos P. Markatos

Bitcoin stands as a groundbreaking development in decentralized exchange throughout human history, enabling transactions without the need for intermediaries. By leveraging cryptographic proof mechanisms, Bitcoin eliminates the reliance on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Han Song , Yihao Wei , Zhongche Qu , Weihan Wang

Bitcoin is a digital currency designed to rely on a decentralized, trustless network of anonymous agents. Using a pseudonymous-address-linking procedure that achieves >99% sensitivity and >99% specificity, we reveal that between launch…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Alyssa Blackburn , Christoph Huber , Yossi Eliaz , Muhammad S. Shamim , David Weisz , Goutham Seshadri , Kevin Kim , Shengqi Hang , Erez Lieberman Aiden

A peer-to-peer network, enabling different parties to jointly store and run computations on data while keeping the data completely private. Enigma's computational model is based on a highly optimized version of secure multi-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-12 Guy Zyskind , Oz Nathan , Alex Pentland

Authcoin is an alternative approach to the commonly used public key infrastructures such as central authorities and the PGP web of trust. It combines a challenge response-based validation and authentication process for domains,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-19 Benjamin Leiding , Clemens H. Cap , Thomas Mundt , Samaneh Rashidibajgan

As the most popular blockchain that supports smart contracts, there are already more than 296 thousand kinds of cryptocurrencies built on Ethereum. However, not all cryptocurrencies can be controlled by users. For example, some money is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Xiaoqi Li , Ting Chen , Xiapu Luo , Chenxu Wang

Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2008, many other cryptocurrencies have been introduced and gained popularity. Lack of interoperability and scalability amongst these cryptocurrencies was and still is, acting as a significant impediment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Mahdi H. Miraz , David C. Donald

We discuss numerous justifications for why crypto-currencies would be highly conducive for the smooth functioning of today's society. We provide several comparisons between cryptocurrencies issued by blockchain projects, crypto, and…

General Economics · Economics 2023-07-18 Ravi Kashyap

Privacy was one of the key points mentioned in Nakamoto's Bitcoin whitepaper, and one of the selling points of Bitcoin in its early stages. In hindsight, however, de-anonymising Bitcoin users turned out to be more feasible than expected.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Sarah Azouvi , Haaroon Yousaf , Alexander Hicks

Ethereum is the largest public blockchain by usage. It applies an account-based model, which is inferior to Bitcoin's unspent transaction output model from a privacy perspective. Due to its privacy shortcomings, recently several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Ferenc Béres , István András Seres , András A. Benczúr , Mikerah Quintyne-Collins

Cryptocurrencies gained lots of attention mainly because of the anonymous way of online payment, which they suggested. Meanwhile, Bitcoin and other major cryptocurrencies have experienced severe deanonymization attacks. To address these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Ardeshir Shojaeenasab , Amir Pasha Motamed , Behnam Bahrak

Quantum computation represents a threat to many cryptographic protocols in operation today. It has been estimated that by 2035, there will exist a quantum computer capable of breaking the vital cryptographic scheme RSA2048. Blockchain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-06 Joseph J. Kearney , Carlos A. Perez-Delgado

The Metaverse, an immersive virtual world, has emerged as a shared space where people engage in various activities ranging from social interactions to commerce. Cryptocurrencies [3] and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) [6] play pivotal roles…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Syed Ali Asif , Emma Cao , Hang Chen , Chien-Chung Shen , Yan-Ming Chiou