Related papers: A Taxonomy of Polytomous Item Response Models

In binary and ordinal regression one can distinguish between a location component and a scaling component. While the former determines the location within the range of the response categories, the scaling indicates variance heterogeneity.…

We present a soundness theorem for a dependent type theory with context constants with respect to an indexed category of (finite, abstract) simplical complexes. The point of interest for computer science is that this category can be seen to…

In this paper, the relationship between probabilistic graphical models, in particular Bayesian networks, and causal diagrams, also called structural causal models, is studied. Structural causal models are deterministic models, based on…

Design patterns are generalized solutions to frequently recurring problems. They were initially developed by architects and computer scientists to create a higher level of abstraction for their designs. Here, we extend these concepts to…

In this article we prove in the main theorem that, there is a bijection between the isomorphism classes of a certain type of real hyperplane arrangements on the one hand, and the antipodal pairs of convex cones of an associated…

Heywood cases are known from linear factor analysis literature as variables with communalities larger than 1.00, and in present day factor models, the problem also shows in negative residual variances. For binary data, ordinal factor models…

Conceptual models as representations of real-world systems are based on diverse techniques in various disciplines but lack a framework that provides multidisciplinary ontological understanding of real-world phenomena. Concurrently, systems…

Deep neural networks are a family of computational models that are naturally suited to the analysis of hierarchical data such as, for instance, sequential data with the use of recurrent neural networks. In the other hand, ordinal regression…

Ranking entities such as algorithms, devices, methods, or models based on their performances, while accounting for application-specific preferences, is a challenge. To address this challenge, we establish the foundations of a universal…

We define a new model structure on the category of small categories, which is intimately related to the notion of coverings and fundamental groups of small categories. Fibrant objects in the model structure coincide with groupoids, and the…

Generative models have fundamentally reshaped the landscape of decision-making, reframing the problem from pure scalar reward maximization to high-fidelity trajectory generation and distribution matching. This paradigm shift addresses…

Although models are built on the basis of some observations of reality, the concepts that derive theoretically from their definitions as well as from their characteristics and properties are not necessarily direct consequences of these…

Learning the unknown causal parameters of a linear structural causal model is a fundamental task in causal analysis. The task, known as the problem of identification, asks to estimate the parameters of the model from a combination of…

Item Response Theory (IRT) is widely applied in the human sciences to model persons' responses on a set of items measuring one or more latent constructs. While several R packages have been developed that implement IRT models, they tend to…

In the unidimensional unfolding model, given m objects in general position there arise 1+m(m-1)/2 rankings. The set of rankings is called the ranking pattern of the m given objects. By changing these m objects, we can generate various…

A first-order model for a stock market assigns to each stock a return parameter and a variance parameter that depend only on the rank of the stock. A second-order model assigns these parameters based on both the rank and the name of the…

We construct a symmetric monoidal closed category of polynomial endofunctors (as objects) and simulation cells (as morphisms). This structure is defined using universal properties without reference to representing polynomial diagrams and is…

The increasing relevance of areas such as real-time and embedded systems, pervasive computing, hybrid systems control, and biological and social systems modeling is bringing a growing attention to the temporal aspects of computing, not only…

In many scientific contexts, different investigators experiment with or observe different variables with data from a domain in which the distinct variable sets might well be related. This sort of fragmentation sometimes occurs in molecular…

We introduce a monoid structure on a certain set of labelled binary trees, by a process similar to the construction of the plactic monoid. This leads to a new interpretation of the algebra of planar binary trees of Loday-Ronco.