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In this paper we introduce the first application of the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm in the design of recommender systems. We formulate the recommendation problem as an inference problem and aim to compute the marginal probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-09-25 Erman Ayday , Arash Einolghozati , Faramarz Fekri

Multi-behavior recommendation (MBR) aims to improve the performance w.r.t. the target behavior (i.e., purchase) by leveraging auxiliary behaviors (e.g., click, favourite). However, in real-world scenarios, a recommendation method often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wenhao Lai , Weike Pan , Zhong Ming

Adversarial attacks on deep neural network models have seen rapid development and are extensively used to study the stability of these networks. Among various adversarial strategies, Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) is a widely adopted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Dayana Savostianova , Emanuele Zangrando , Francesco Tudisco

Multi-behavior recommendation systems enhance effectiveness by leveraging auxiliary behaviors (such as page views and favorites) to address the limitations of traditional models that depend solely on sparse target behaviors like purchases.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Haojie Li , Zhiyong Cheng , Xu Yu , Jinhuan Liu , Guanfeng Liu , Junwei Du

Recommender Systems (RS) shape the filtering and curation of online content, yet we have limited understanding of how predictable their recommendation outputs are. We propose data-driven metrics that quantify the predictability of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Andrés Abeliuk , Alfonso Valderrama , Simón Campos , Marcelo Mendoza

Improving recommendation systems (RS) can greatly enhance the user experience across many domains, such as social media. Many RS utilize embedding-based retrieval (EBR) approaches to retrieve candidates for recommendation. In an EBR system,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Matthew Kolodner , Mingxuan Ju , Zihao Fan , Tong Zhao , Elham Ghazizadeh , Yan Wu , Neil Shah , Yozen Liu

The progress in the last decade has enabled machine learning models to achieve impressive performance across a wide range of tasks in Computer Vision. However, a plethora of works have demonstrated the susceptibility of these models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-06 B. S. Vivek , R. Venkatesh Babu

Modern recommender systems often deal with a variety of user interactions, e.g., click, forward, purchase, etc., which requires the underlying recommender engines to fully understand and leverage multi-behavior data from users. Despite…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Jingcao Xu , Chaokun Wang , Cheng Wu , Yang Song , Kai Zheng , Xiaowei Wang , Changping Wang , Guorui Zhou , Kun Gai

Adversarial attacks, e.g., adversarial perturbations of the input and adversarial samples, pose significant challenges to machine learning and deep learning techniques, including interactive recommendation systems. The latent embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Siyu Wang , Yuanjiang Cao , Xiaocong Chen , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Quan Z. Sheng

Multimodal sequential recommendation (MSR) leverages diverse item modalities to improve recommendation accuracy, while achieving effective and adaptive fusion remains challenging. Existing MSR models often overlook synergistic information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xinyi Zhang , Yutong Li , Peijie Sun , Letian Sha , Zhongxuan Han

Deep learning models have shown impressive performance across a spectrum of computer vision applications including medical diagnosis and autonomous driving. One of the major concerns that these models face is their susceptibility to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Vivek B. S. , R. Venkatesh Babu

The design of algorithms that generate personalized ranked item lists is a central topic of research in the field of recommender systems. In the past few years, in particular, approaches based on deep learning (neural) techniques have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema , Simone Boglio , Paolo Cremonesi , Dietmar Jannach

Traditional recommender systems primarily rely on a single type of user-item interaction, such as item purchases or ratings, to predict user preferences. However, in real-world scenarios, users engage in a variety of behaviors, such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Kyungho Kim , Sunwoo Kim , Geon Lee , Jinhong Jung , Kijung Shin

Neural retrieval models have acquired significant effectiveness gains over the last few years compared to term-based methods. Nevertheless, those models may be brittle when faced to typos, distribution shifts or vulnerable to malicious…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Simon Lupart , Stéphane Clinchant

Deep learning achieves state-of-the-art performance in many tasks but exposes to the underlying vulnerability against adversarial examples. Across existing defense techniques, adversarial training with the projected gradient decent attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tianjin Huang , Vlado Menkovski , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Recommender systems learn from historical user-item interactions to identify preferred items for target users. These observed interactions are usually unbalanced following a long-tailed distribution. Such long-tailed data lead to popularity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Weijieying Ren , Lei Wang , Kunpeng Liu , Ruocheng Guo , Lim Ee Peng , Yanjie Fu

Personalized recommendation is a ubiquitous application on the internet, with many industries and hyperscalers extensively leveraging Deep Learning Recommendation Models (DLRMs) for their personalization needs (like ad serving or movie…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Rishabh Jain , Vivek M. Bhasi , Adwait Jog , Anand Sivasubramaniam , Mahmut T. Kandemir , Chita R. Das

Latent-factor models (LFM) based on collaborative filtering (CF), such as matrix factorization (MF) and deep CF methods, are widely used in modern recommender systems (RS) due to their excellent performance and recommendation accuracy.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Felice Antonio Merra

Recommender Systems (RSs) are exploited by various business enterprises to suggest their products (items) to consumers (users). Collaborative filtering (CF) is a widely used variant of RSs which learns hidden patterns from user-item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Nikita Baidya , Bidyut Kr. Patra , Ratnakar Dash

Adversarial attacks, particularly the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) pose significant threats to the robustness of deep learning models in image classification. This paper explores and refines defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Hetvi Waghela , Jaydip Sen , Sneha Rakshit