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Robotic locomotion often relies on sequenced gaits to efficiently convert control input into desired motion. Despite extensive studies on gait optimization, achieving smooth and efficient gait transitions remains challenging. In this paper,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jinwoo Choi , Ross L. Hatton

Fish-inspired aquatic robots are gaining increasing attention in marine robot communities due to their high swimming speeds and efficient propulsion enabled by flexible bodies that generate undulatory motions. To support the design…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Zhiheng Chen , Wei Wang

A theory is presented for wave-driven propulsion of floating bodies driven into oscillation at the fluid interface. By coupling the equations of motion of the body to a quasi-potential flow model of the fluid, we derive expressions for the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-10-20 GP Benham , O Devauchelle , SJ Thomson

Understanding efficient fish locomotion offers insights for biomechanics, fluid dynamics, and engineering. Traditional studies often miss the link between neuromuscular control and whole-body movement. To explore energy transfer in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-02 Tao Li , Chunze Zhang , Weiwei Yao , Junzhao He , Ji Hou , Qin Zhou , Lu Zhang

Active flexible filaments form the classical continuum framework for modelling the locomotion of spermatozoa and algae driven by the periodic oscillation of flagella. This framework also applies to the locomotion of various artificial…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 John Severn , Eric Lauga

In this paper we present the study of the mathematical model of a real life joint used in an underwater robotic fish. Fluid-structure interaction is utterly simplified and the motion of the joint is approximated by D\"uffing's equation. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2011-12-23 Juan Pablo Carbajal , Rafael Bayma , Marc Ziegler , Zi-Qiang Lang

Human movements are physical processes combining the classical mechanics of the human body moving in space and the biomechanics of the muscles generating the forces acting on the body under sophisticated sensory-motor control. One way to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-12-11 Stuart Hagler

An optimal control problem for longitudinal motions of a thin elastic rod is considered. We suppose that a normal force, which changes piecewise constantly along the rod's length, is applied to the cross-section so that the positions of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-13 Georgy Kostin , Alexander Gavrikov

Swimming microorganisms often self propel in fluids with complex rheology. While past theoretical work indicates that fluid viscoelasticity should hinder their locomotion, recent experiments on waving swimmers suggest a possible…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-11-25 Emily E. Riley , Eric Lauga

The skill to swim fast results from the interplay between generating high thrust while minimizing drag. In front crawl, swimmers achieve this goal by adapting their inter-arm coordination according to the race pace. A transition has been…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Remi Carmigniani , Ludovic Seifert , Didier Chollet , Christophe Clanet

Optimal gait design is important for micro-organisms and micro-robots that propel themselves in a fluid environment in the absence of external force or torque. The simplest models of shape changes are those that comprise a series of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-10-01 Qixuan Wang

We present a deep reinforcement learning approach to a classical problem in fluid dynamics, i.e., the reduction of the drag of a bluff body. We cast the problem as a discrete-time control with continuous action space: at each time step, an…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-08 Enrico Ballini , Alberto Silvio Chiappa , Stefano Micheletti

This paper presents a Long Short-Term Memory network-based Fluid Experiment Data-Driven model (FED-LSTM) for predicting unsteady, nonlinear hydrodynamic forces on the underwater quadruped robot we constructed. Trained on experimental data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Fei Han , Pengming Guo , Hao Chen , Weikun Li , Jingbo Ren , Naijun Liu , Ning Yang , Dixia Fan

When swimming at low Reynolds numbers, inertial effects are negligible and reciprocal movements cannot induce net motion. Instead, symmetry breaking is necessary to achieve net propulsion. Directed swimming can be supported by magnetic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-31 Theo Lequy , Andreas M. Menzel

Drag-based swimming with rowing appendages, fins, and webbed feet is a widely adapted locomotion form in aquatic animals. To develop effective underwater and swimming vehicles, a wide range of bioinspired drag-based paddles have been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jianfeng Lin , Zhao Guo , Alexander Badri-Spröwitz

For decades, people have been seeking for fishlike flapping motions that can realize underwater propulsion with low energy cost. Complexity of the nonstationary flow field around the flapping body makes this problem very difficult. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Jin Zhang , Lei Zhou , Bochao Cao

We investigate the optimal shapes of the hydrodynamic resistance of a rigid body set in motion in a Stokes flow. In this low Reynolds number regime, the hydrodynamic drag properties of an object are encoded in a finite number of parameters…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-07-14 Clment Moreau , Kenta Ishimoto , Yannick Privat

Robotic swimmers are currently a subject of extensive research and development for several underwater applications. Clever design and planning must rely on simple theoretical models that account for the swimmer's hydrodynamics in order to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-11-21 Evgenia Virozub , Oren Wiezel , Alon Wolf , Yizhar Or

Many forms of locomotion, both natural and artificial, are dominated by viscous friction in the sense that without power expenditure they quickly come to a standstill. From geometric mechanics, it is known that for swimming at the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Matthew D. Kvalheim , Brian Bittner , Shai Revzen

Fish swim by undulating their bodies. These propulsive motions require coordinated shape changes of a body that interacts with its fluid environment, but the specific shape coordination that leads to robust turning and swimming motions…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-19 Yusheng Jiao , Feng Ling , Sina Heydari , Nicolas Heess , Josh Merel , Eva Kanso