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Quantum state tomography, aimed at deriving a classical description of an unknown state from measurement data, is a fundamental task in quantum physics. In this work, we analyse the ultimate achievable performance of tomography of…

Advancements in quantum system lifetimes and control have enabled the creation of increasingly complex quantum states, such as those on multiple bosonic cavity modes. When characterizing these states, traditional tomography scales…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Kevin He , Ming Yuan , Yat Wong , Srivatsan Chakram , Alireza Seif , Liang Jiang , David I. Schuster

Medium-scale ensembles of coupled qubits offer a platform for near-term quantum technologies including computing, sensing, and the study of mesoscopic quantum systems. Atom-like emitters in solids have emerged as promising quantum memories,…

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a crucial tool for characterizing quantum states. However, QST becomes impractical for reconstructing multi-qubit density matrices since data sets and computational costs grow exponentially with qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Aniket Patel , Akshay Gaikwad , Tangyou Huang , Anton Frisk Kockum , Tahereh Abad

Quantum tomography is a crucial tool for characterizing quantum states and devices and estimating nonlinear properties of the systems. Performing full quantum state tomography on an $N_\mathrm{q}$ qubit system requires an exponentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Zhixin Song , Hang Ren , Melody Lee , Bryan Gard , Nicolas Renaud , Spencer H. Bryngelson

Quantum state tomography and other measures of the global properties of a quantum state are indispensable tools in understanding many body physics through quantum simulators. Unfortunately, the number of experimental measurements of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Yariv Yanay , Charles Tahan

We describe criteria for implementation of quantum computation in qudits. A qudit is a d-dimensional system whose Hilbert space is spanned by states |0>, |1>,... |d-1>. An important earlier work of Mathukrishnan and Stroud [1] describes how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Gavin K. Brennen , Dianne P. O'Leary , Stephen S. Bullock

We propose a measurement-based model for fault-tolerant quantum computation that can be realised with one-dimensional cluster states and fusion measurements only; basic resources that are readily available with scalable photonic hardware.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-16 Stefano Paesani , Benjamin J. Brown

Quantum tomography makes it possible to obtain comprehensive information about certain logical elements of a quantum computer. In this regard, it is a promising tool for debugging quantum computers. The practical application of tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-23 B. I. Bantysh , Yu. I. Bogdanov

Programmable quantum simulators such as superconducting quantum processors and ultracold atomic lattices represent rapidly developing emergent technology that may one day qualitatively outperform existing classical computers. Yet, apart…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-03-11 Jin Ming Koh , Tommy Tai , Ching Hua Lee

Characterizing large quantum systems with minimal assumptions is a central challenge in quantum information science. Self-testing provides the strongest form of certification by identifying the underlying quantum state solely from observed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Jinchang Liu , Elias X. Huber , Zhenyu Du , Xingjian Zhang , Xiongfeng Ma

Practical quantum state tomography is usually performed by carrying out repeated measurements on many copies of a given state. The accuracy of the reconstruction depends strongly on the dimensionality of the system and the number of copies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-08 Alex Ling , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

Quantum device characterization via state tomography plays an important role in both validating quantum hardware and processing quantum information, but it needs the exponential number of the measurements. For the systems with XX+YY-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Tao Xin

We study different techniques that allow us to gain complete knowledge about an unknown quantum state, e.g. to perform full tomography of this state. We focus on two apparently simple cases, full tomography of one and two qubit systems. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas Durt

An increase in the dimension of state space for quantum key distribution (QKD) can decrease its fidelity requirements while also increasing its bandwidth. A significant obstacle for QKD with qudits (d>2) has been an efficient and practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-19 Warner A. Miller

Scalable characterization of quantum processors is crucial for mitigating noise and imperfections. While randomized measurement protocols enable efficient access to local observables, inferring a globally consistent description of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Zidu Liu , Dominik S. Wild

Determining the physical Hilbert space is often considered the most difficult but crucial part of completing the quantization of a constrained system. In such a situation it can be more economical to use effective constraint methods, which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-12-04 Martin Bojowald , Artur Tsobanjan

Quantum nanophotonics offers essential tools and technologies for controlling quantum states, while maintaining a miniature form factor and high scalability. For example, nanophotonic platforms can transfer information from the traditional…

For any finite dimensional Hilbert space, we construct explicitly five orthonormal bases such that the corresponding measurements allow for efficient tomography of an arbitrary pure quantum state. This means that such measurements can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-14 Claudio Carmeli , Teiko Heinosaari , Michael Kech , Jussi Schultz , Alessandro Toigo

In practical applications of quantum information science, quantum systems can have non-negligible interactions with the environment, and this generally degrades the power of quantum protocols as it introduces noise. Counteracting this by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-10 Filippo M. Miatto , Kevin Piché , Thomas Brougham , Robert W. Boyd