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The BERT model has arisen as a popular state-of-the-art machine learning model in the recent years that is able to cope with multiple NLP tasks such as supervised text classification without human supervision. Its flexibility to cope with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Santiago González-Carvajal , Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán

BERT-based models are currently used for solving nearly all Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks and most often achieve state-of-the-art results. Therefore, the NLP community conducts extensive research on understanding these models, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Robert Mroczkowski , Piotr Rybak , Alina Wróblewska , Ireneusz Gawlik

Multilingual language models have gained significant attention in recent years, enabling the development of applications that meet diverse linguistic contexts. In this paper, we present a comprehensive evaluation of three popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Sina Bagheri Nezhad , Ameeta Agrawal

Peeking into the inner workings of BERT has shown that its layers resemble the classical NLP pipeline, with progressively more complex tasks being concentrated in later layers. To investigate to what extent these results also hold for a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Wietse de Vries , Andreas van Cranenburgh , Malvina Nissim

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have been driven bypretrained language models like BERT, RoBERTa, T5, and GPT. Thesemodels excel at understanding complex texts, but biomedical literature, withits domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 K. Sahit Reddy , N. Ragavenderan , Vasanth K. , Ganesh N. Naik , Vishalakshi Prabhu , Nagaraja G. S

Multilingual BERT (mBERT) provides sentence representations for 104 languages, which are useful for many multi-lingual tasks. Previous work probed the cross-linguality of mBERT using zero-shot transfer learning on morphological and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Jindřich Libovický , Rudolf Rosa , Alexander Fraser

Multilingual Language Models (\MLLMs) such as mBERT, XLM, XLM-R, \textit{etc.} have emerged as a viable option for bringing the power of pretraining to a large number of languages. Given their success in zero-shot transfer learning, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Gowtham Ramesh , Mitesh M. Khapra , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pratyush Kumar

Contextual word-representations became a standard in modern natural language processing systems. These models use subword tokenization to handle large vocabularies and unknown words. Word-level usage of such systems requires a way of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Judit Ács , Ákos Kádár , András Kornai

Language models are ubiquitous in current NLP, and their multilingual capacity has recently attracted considerable attention. However, current analyses have almost exclusively focused on (multilingual variants of) standard benchmarks, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Francesco Barbieri , Luis Espinosa Anke , Jose Camacho-Collados

The BERT family of neural language models have become highly popular due to their ability to provide sequences of text with rich context-sensitive token encodings which are able to generalise well to many NLP tasks. We introduce gaBERT, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 James Barry , Joachim Wagner , Lauren Cassidy , Alan Cowap , Teresa Lynn , Abigail Walsh , Mícheál J. Ó Meachair , Jennifer Foster

Multilingual BERT (mBERT), a language model pre-trained on large multilingual corpora, has impressive zero-shot cross-lingual transfer capabilities and performs surprisingly well on zero-shot POS tagging and Named Entity Recognition (NER),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Beiduo Chen , Wu Guo , Quan Liu , Kun Tao

The current dominance of deep neural networks in natural language processing is based on contextual embeddings such as ELMo, BERT, and BERT derivatives. Most existing work focuses on English; in contrast, we present here the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Matej Ulčar , Aleš Žagar , Carlos S. Armendariz , Andraž Repar , Senja Pollak , Matthew Purver , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

This paper introduces the Swedish BERT ("KB-BERT") developed by the KBLab for data-driven research at the National Library of Sweden (KB). Building on recent efforts to create transformer-based BERT models for languages other than English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Martin Malmsten , Love Börjeson , Chris Haffenden

It has been shown that multilingual BERT (mBERT) yields high quality multilingual representations and enables effective zero-shot transfer. This is surprising given that mBERT does not use any crosslingual signal during training. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Philipp Dufter , Hinrich Schütze

Multilingual BERT (mBERT) has shown reasonable capability for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer when fine-tuned on downstream tasks. Since mBERT is not pre-trained with explicit cross-lingual supervision, transfer performance can further be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Saurabh Kulshreshtha , José Luis Redondo-García , Ching-Yun Chang

In this paper, we show that Multilingual BERT (M-BERT), released by Devlin et al. (2018) as a single language model pre-trained from monolingual corpora in 104 languages, is surprisingly good at zero-shot cross-lingual model transfer, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Telmo Pires , Eva Schlinger , Dan Garrette

In recent years, we have seen a colossal effort in pre-training multilingual text encoders using large-scale corpora in many languages to facilitate cross-lingual transfer learning. However, due to typological differences across languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Haoran Li , Kai-Wei Chang , Yashar Mehdad

Recent work has shown evidence that the knowledge acquired by multilingual BERT (mBERT) has two components: a language-specific and a language-neutral one. This paper analyses the relationship between them, in the context of fine-tuning on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Marc Tanti , Lonneke van der Plas , Claudia Borg , Albert Gatt

BERT has revolutionized the NLP field by enabling transfer learning with large language models that can capture complex textual patterns, reaching the state-of-the-art for an expressive number of NLP applications. For text classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Frederico Souza , João Filho

In multilingual healthcare applications, the availability of domain-specific natural language processing(NLP) tools is limited, especially for low-resource languages. Although multilingual bidirectional encoder representations from…