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The synthesis of quantum operators involves decomposing general quantum gates into the gate set supported by a given quantum device. Multi-controlled gates are essential components in this process. In this work, we present an improved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Jefferson D. S. Silva , Adenilton J. da Silva

Arbitrarily accurate fault-tolerant (FT) universal quantum computation can be carried out using the Clifford gates Z, S, CNOT plus the non-Clifford T gate. Moreover, a recent improvement of the Solovay-Kitaev theorem by Kuperberg implies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 H. F. Chau

The reversible implementation of classical functions accounts for the bulk of most known quantum algorithms. As a result, a number of reversible circuit constructions over the Clifford+$T$ gate set have been developed in recent years which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-08 Matthew Amy , Neil J. Ross

We present quantum circuits for comparison and increment operations that achieve an asymptotically optimal gate count of $\Theta(n)$ and depth of $\Theta(\log n)$ over the Clifford+Toffoli gate set, while using a provably minimal number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Vivien Vandaele

In this paper we study the Clifford+Toffoli universal fault-tolerant gate set. We introduce a generating set in order to represent any unitary implementable by this gate set and with this we derive a bound on the Toffoli-count of arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

Quantum computation offers the potential to solve fundamental yet otherwise intractable problems across a range of active fields of research. Recently, universal quantum-logic gate sets - the building blocks for a quantum computer - have…

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ), executing quantum algorithms on actual quantum devices faces unique challenges. One such challenge is that quantum devices in this era have restricted connectivity: quantum gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-16 Yao Tang

In this work, we propose an adder for the 2D NTC architecture, designed to match the architectural constraints of many quantum computing technologies. The chosen architecture allows the layout of logical qubits in two dimensions and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-17 Byung-Soo Choi , Rodney Van Meter

A Toffoli gate ($C^{n}$-NOT gate) is regarded as an important unitary gate in quantum computation, and is simulated by a quantum circuit composed of $C^{2}$-NOT gates. This paper presents a quantum circuit with a new configuration of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Masanari Asano , Chikara Ishii

In this paper, we settle the long-standing open problem of the minimum cost of two-qubit gates for simulating a Toffoli gate. More precisely, we show that five two-qubit gates are necessary. Before our work, it is known that five gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-24 Nengkun Yu , Runyao Duan , Mingsheng Ying

Quantum arithmetic computation requires a substantial number of scratch qubits to stay reversible. These operations necessitate qubit and gate resources equivalent to those needed for the larger of the input or output registers due to state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 Omid Faizy , Norbert Wehn , Paul Lukowicz , Maximilian Kiefer-Emmanouilidis

Fault-tolerant quantum computation enables reliable quantum computation but incurs a significant overhead from both time and resource perspectives. To reduce computation time, Austin G. Fowler proposed time-optimal quantum computation by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-02 Taewan Kim , Kyunghyun Baek , Yongsoo Hwang , Jeongho Bang

Verifying the correct functioning of quantum gates is a crucial step towards reliable quantum information processing, but it becomes an overwhelming challenge as the system size grows due to the dimensionality curse. Recent theoretical…

In this paper, we propose an efficient quantum carry-lookahead adder based on the higher radix structure. For the addition of two $n$-bit numbers, our adder uses $O(n)-O(\frac{n}{r})$ qubits and $O(n)+O(\frac{n}{r})$ T gates to get the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-10 Siyi Wang , Anubhab Baksi , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices fail to produce outputs with sufficient fidelity for deep circuits with many gates today. Such devices suffer from read-out, multi-qubit gate and crosstalk noise combined with short…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-15 Ellis Wilson , Frank Mueller , Lindsay Bassman , Constin Iancu

We describe a practical method of constructing quantum combinational logic circuits with basic quantum logic gates such as NOT and general $n$-bit Toffoli gates. This method is useful to find the quantum circuits for evaluating logic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jae-Seung Lee , Yongwook Chung , Jaehyun Kim , Soonchil Lee

Non-Gaussian quantum gates are essential components for optical quantum information processing. However, the efficient implementation of practically important multi-mode higher-order non-Gaussian gates has not been comprehensively studied.…

This paper presents novel methods for optimizing multi-controlled quantum gates, which naturally arise in high-level quantum programming. Our primary approach involves rewriting $U(2)$ gates as $SU(2)$ gates, utilizing one auxiliary qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Evandro C. R. Rosa , Eduardo I. Duzzioni , Rafael de Santiago

We show a significant reduction of the number of quantum operations and the improvement of the circuit depth for the realization of the Toffoli gate by using qudits. This is done by establishing a general relation between the dimensionality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 E. O. Kiktenko , A. S. Nikolaeva , Peng Xu , G. V. Shlyapnikov , A. K. Fedorov

Qutrit (or ternary) structures arise naturally in many quantum systems, particularly in certain non-abelian anyon systems. We present efficient circuits for ternary reversible and quantum arithmetics. Our main result is the derivation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-13 Alex Bocharov , Shawn X. Cui , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore