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We give improved approximations for two metric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) variants. In Ordered TSP (OTSP) we are given a linear ordering on a subset of nodes $o_1, \ldots, o_k$. The TSP solution must have that $o_{i+1}$ is visited at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Martin Böhm , Zachary Friggstad , Tobias Mömke , Joachim Spoerhase

Among the most important variants of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) are those relaxing the constraint that every locus should necessarily get visited, rather taking into account a revenue (prize) for visiting customers. In the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-18 Enrico Angelelli , Renata Mansini , Romeo Rizzi

In this paper, we consider differential approximability of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). We show that TSP is $3/4$-differential approximable, which improves the currently best known bound $3/4 -O(1/n)$ due to Escoffier and Monnot in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yuki Amano , Kazuhisa Makino

The Multiple Travelling Salesman Problem (MTSP) is among the most interesting combinatorial optimization problems because it is widely adopted in real-life applications, including robotics, transportation, networking, etc. Although the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Omar Cheikhrouhou , Ines Khoufi

In this paper, we present a polynomial-sized linear programming formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed linear program is a network flow-based model. Numerical implementation issues and results are discussed. (The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Moustapha Diaby

Constant-factor, polynomial-time approximation algorithms are presented for two variations of the traveling salesman problem with time windows. In the first variation, the traveling repairman problem, the goal is to find a tour that visits…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-05-28 Greg N. Frederickson , Barry Wittman

In this work we revisit the Hopfield-Tank algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and report encouraging results, with a different dynamics, that makes the algorithm more efficient finding better solutions in much less…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 M. Argollo de Menezes , T. J. P. Penna

Meta-heuristics are frequently used to tackle NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. With this paper we contribute to the understanding of the success of 2-opt based local search algorithms for solving the traveling salesman problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-08-14 Olaf Mersmann , Bernd Bischl , Heike Trautmann , Markus Wagner , Frank Neumann

In the maximum traveling salesman problem (Max TSP) we are given a complete undirected graph with nonnegative weights on the edges and we wish to compute a traveling salesman tour of maximum weight. We present a fast combinatorial $\frac…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Szymon Dudycz , Jan Marcinkowski , Katarzyna Paluch , Bartosz Rybicki

Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the unsolved problems in computer science. TSP is NP Hard. Till now the best approximation ratio found for symmetric TSP is three by two by Christofides Algorithm more than forty years ago. There…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Alok Chauhan , Madhusudan Verma

Understanding the interactions between different combinatorial optimisation problems in real-world applications is a challenging task. Recently, the traveling thief problem (TTP), as a combination of the classical traveling salesperson…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Frank Neumann , Sergey Polyakovskiy , Martin Skutella , Leen Stougie , Junhua Wu

Let $P$ be a set of points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and let $\alpha \ge 1$ be a real number. We define the distance between two points $p,q\in P$ as $|pq|^{\alpha}$, where $|pq|$ denotes the standard Euclidean distance between $p$ and $q$. We…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-02-03 Mark de Berg , Fred van Nijnatten , René Sitters , Gerhard J. Woeginger , Alexander Wolff

We consider the Travelling Salesman Problem with Neighbourhoods (TSPN) on the Euclidean plane ($\mathbb{R}^2$) and present a Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme (PTAS) when the neighbourhoods are parallel line segments with lengths between…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Benyamin Ghaseminia , Mohammad R. Salavatipour

The traveling salesman problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem with strong exact algorithms. However, as problems scale up, these exact algorithms fail to provide a solution in a reasonable time. To resolve this, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yong Liang Goh , Wee Sun Lee , Xavier Bresson , Thomas Laurent , Nicholas Lim

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic NP-hard problem that has garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. While neural-based methods have shown promise for solving TSPs, they still face challenges in scaling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tongkai Lu , Shuai Ma , Chongyang Tao

The Dynamic Pickup and Delivery Problem (DPDP) is aimed at dynamically scheduling vehicles among multiple sites in order to minimize the cost when delivery orders are not known a priori. Although DPDP plays an important role in modern…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Xijun Li , Weilin Luo , Mingxuan Yuan , Jun Wang , Jiawen Lu , Jie Wang , Jinhu Lu , Jia Zeng

The Metric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard optimization problem. The double-tree shortcutting method for Metric TSP yields an exponentially-sized space of TSP tours, each of which approximates the optimal solution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-12-30 Vladimir Deineko , Alexander Tiskin

The Steiner Traveling Salesman Problem (STSP) is a variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that is particularly suitable when dealing with sparse networks, such as road networks. The standard integer programming formulation of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-03-20 Adam N. Letchford , Saeideh D. Nasiri , Dirk Oliver Theis

We describe a $\frac{4}{3}$-approximation algorithm for the traveling salesman problem in which the distances between points are induced by graph-theoretical distances in an unweighted graph. The algorithm is based on finding a minimum cost…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ali Çivril

We investigate semi-streaming algorithms for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Specifically, we focus on a variant known as the $(1,2)$-TSP, where the distances between any two vertices are either one or two. Our primary emphasis is on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Sharareh Alipour , Ermiya Farokhnejad , Tobias Mömke