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We study the convergence of Optimistic Gradient Descent Ascent in unconstrained bilinear games. In a first part, we consider the zero-sum case and extend previous results by Daskalakis et al. in 2018, Liang and Stokes in 2019, and others:…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Étienne de Montbrun , Jérôme Renault

We study the alternating gradient descent-ascent (AltGDA) algorithm in two-player zero-sum games. Alternating methods, where players take turns to update their strategies, have long been recognized as simple and practical approaches for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tianlong Nan , Shuvomoy Das Gupta , Garud Iyengar , Christian Kroer

Last-iterate convergence has received extensive study in two player zero-sum games starting from bilinear, convex-concave up to settings that satisfy the MVI condition. Typical methods that exhibit last-iterate convergence for the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Yi Feng , Hu Fu , Qun Hu , Ping Li , Ioannis Panageas , Bo Peng , Xiao Wang

In this work, we establish a frequency-domain framework for analyzing gradient-based algorithms in linear minimax optimization problems; specifically, our approach is based on the Z-transform, a powerful tool applied in Control Theory and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-08 Ioannis Anagnostides , Paolo Penna

Self-play via online learning is one of the premier ways to solve large-scale two-player zero-sum games, both in theory and practice. Particularly popular algorithms include optimistic multiplicative weights update (OMWU) and optimistic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yang Cai , Gabriele Farina , Julien Grand-Clément , Christian Kroer , Chung-Wei Lee , Haipeng Luo , Weiqiang Zheng

The remarkable success of the Adam in training neural networks has naturally led to the widespread use of its descent-ascent counterpart, Adam-DA, for solving zero-sum games. Despite its popularity in practice, a rigorous theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yi Feng , Weiming Ou , Xiao Wang

We focus on the design of algorithms for finding equilibria in 2-player zero-sum games. Although it is well known that such problems can be solved by a single linear program, there has been a surge of interest in recent years for simpler…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Michail Fasoulakis , Evangelos Markakis , Giorgos Roussakis , Christodoulos Santorinaios

Many recent AI architectures are inspired by zero-sum games, however, the behavior of their dynamics is still not well understood. Inspired by this, we study standard gradient descent ascent (GDA) dynamics in a specific class of non-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-14 Lampros Flokas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Georgios Piliouras

Most of the literature on learning in games has focused on the restrictive setting where the underlying repeated game does not change over time. Much less is known about the convergence of no-regret learning algorithms in dynamic multiagent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ioannis Anagnostides , Ioannis Panageas , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

In this paper, we consider Riemannian online convex optimization with dynamic regret. First, we propose two novel algorithms, namely the Riemannian Online Optimistic Gradient Descent (R-OOGD) and the Riemannian Adaptive Online Optimistic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-31 Xi Wang , Deming Yuan , Yiguang Hong , Zihao Hu , Lei Wang , Guodong Shi

Several widely-used first-order saddle-point optimization methods yield an identical continuous-time ordinary differential equation (ODE) that is identical to that of the Gradient Descent Ascent (GDA) method when derived naively. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Tatjana Chavdarova , Michael I. Jordan , Manolis Zampetakis

Optimistic Gradient Descent Ascent (OGDA) and Optimistic Multiplicative Weights Update (OMWU) for saddle-point optimization have received growing attention due to their favorable last-iterate convergence. However, their behaviors for simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Chen-Yu Wei , Chung-Wei Lee , Mengxiao Zhang , Haipeng Luo

Min-max optimization problems (i.e., min-max games) have attracted a great deal of attention recently as their applicability to a wide range of machine learning problems has become evident. In this paper, we study min-max games with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Denizalp Goktas , Amy Greenwald

Most existing results about \emph{last-iterate convergence} of learning dynamics are limited to two-player zero-sum games, and only apply under rigid assumptions about what dynamics the players follow. In this paper we provide new results…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Ioannis Anagnostides , Ioannis Panageas , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

We study online optimization methods for zero-sum games, a fundamental problem in adversarial learning in machine learning, economics, and many other domains. Traditional methods approximate Nash equilibria (NE) using either regret-based…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Taemin Kim , James P. Bailey

In the framework of real Hilbert spaces we study continuous in time dynamics as well as numerical algorithms for the problem of approaching the set of zeros of a single-valued monotone and continuous operator $V$. The starting poin is a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-23 Radu Ioan Bot , Ernö Robert Csetnek , Dang-Khoa Nguyen

Many emerging applications - such as adversarial training, AI alignment, and robust optimization - can be framed as zero-sum games between neural nets, with von Neumann-Nash equilibria (NE) capturing the desirable system behavior. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Deep Patel , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis

We introduce a generalization of zero-sum network multiagent matrix games and prove that alternating gradient descent converges to the set of Nash equilibria at rate $O(1/T)$ for this set of games. Alternating gradient descent obtains this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-07 James P. Bailey

In this paper we study two-player bilinear zero-sum games with constrained strategy spaces. An instance of natural occurrences of such constraints is when mixed strategies are used, which correspond to a probability simplex constraint. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Andre Wibisono , Molei Tao , Georgios Piliouras

Motivated by applications in Game Theory, Optimization, and Generative Adversarial Networks, recent work of Daskalakis et al \cite{DISZ17} and follow-up work of Liang and Stokes \cite{LiangS18} have established that a variant of the widely…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Constantinos Daskalakis , Ioannis Panageas
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