Related papers: Thunder-cell as Source of Energetic Protons
Suppose that even the highest energy cosmic rays (CRs) observed on Earth are protons accelerated in local Milky Way Galaxy sources, with few if any from more distant sources. In this paper we treat the problem that supernovae remnants…
Heavy ions have varying effects on the target. The most important factor in comparing this effect is Linear Energy Transfer (LET). Protons and carbons are heavy ions with high LET. Since these ions lose energy through collisions as they…
The latest results on the sky distribution of ultra-high energy cosmic ray sources have consequences for their nature and time structure. If the sources accelerate predominantly nuclei of atomic number A and charge Z and emit continuously,…
Let $T$ be an infinite rooted tree with weights $w_e$ assigned to its edges. Denote by $m_n(T)$ the minimum weight of a path from the root to a node of the $n$th generation. We consider the possible behaviour of $m_n(T)$ with focus on the…
Lateral distributions of electrons in air showers initiated by photons of ultra high energies ($10^{18}-10^{22}$ eV) obtained on the basis of numerical solution of adjoint cascade equations are presented. An extended analysis has been made…
Behavior of the potential and electric field intensity at the front of a lightning leader channel taking into account the influence of space charges injected by the streamers is investigated theoretically. Analytical solutions of Poisson…
There remains the old question of how long a quantum particle takes to tunnel through a potential barrier higher than its incident kinetic energy. In this article a solution of the question is proposed on the basis of a realistic…
I outline a unified model of high-energy astrophysics, in which the gamma background radiation, cluster "cooling flows", gamma-ray bursts, X-ray flashes and cosmic-ray electrons and nuclei of all energies -share a common origin. The…
We examine ion acceleration by irradiating a hundred TW laser pulse on a double-layer target. It is shown analytically and by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that higher energy protons are obtained by using material with a…
We first investigate an approximate structure of the top region (TR) of a jet, sandwiched by a front shock from which the surrounding matter (SM) inflows and a rear shock from which the jet matter (JM) inflows. Since pressure in the TR is…
Eddy Current Model of Ball Lightning Calculations show that high-energy ball lightning may consist of a ball of plasma containing a large circular electric current arising as an eddy current generated by lightning. Synthetic ball lightning…
In order to investigate the origin of the interstellar turbulence, detailed observations in the CO J=1--0 and 3--2 lines have been carried out in an interacting region of a molecular cloud with an HII region. As a result, several 1,000 to…
The W51 complex hosts the supernova remnant W51C which is known to interact with the molecular clouds in the star forming region W51B. In addition, a possible pulsar wind nebula CXO J192318.5+140305 was found likely associated with the…
A well-known property of linear resistive electrical networks is that the current distribution minimizes the total dissipated energy. When the circuit includes resistors with nonlinear monotonic characteristic, the current distribution…
Streamers, thin, ionized plasma channels, form the early stages of lightning discharges. Here we approach the study of extraterrestrial lightning by studying the formation and propagation of streamer discharges in various nitrogen-methane…
We present near-infrared and millimetre-line observations of the Tornado nebula (G357.7-0.1). We detected 2.12 micron_m H2 1-0 S(1) line emission towards the suspected site of interaction with a molecular cloud revealed by the presence of…
One of the most important experimental results for proton-proton scattering at the LHC is the observation of a so-called "ridge" structure in the two particle correlation function versus the pseudorapidity difference $\Delta\eta$ and the…
We study dynamical effects in proton breakup from a weakly bound state in an exotic nucleus on a heavy target. The Coulomb interactions between the proton and the core and the proton and the target are treated to all orders, including also…
In recent experiments of laser pulse interaction at relativistic intensities with a low density plasma, the proton radiography technique showed evidence of long--lived field structures generated after the self-channeling of the laser pulse.…
The paper reports the results of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of proton beam acceleration at the interactions of a 130 fs laser pulse of intensity from the range of 10^21-10^23 W/cm^2, predicted for the Extreme Light…