Related papers: Thunder-cell as Source of Energetic Protons
Cloud-to-ground lightning is the most common among atmospheric discharges. Since electric fields in the vicinity of a thunder-cloud do not exceed 250 kV/m the physical process that triggers the lightning remains unexplained. [1, 2, 3]…
The article is devoted to electromagnetic phenomena in the atmosphere. The set of experimental data on the thunderstorm activity is analyzed. It helps to identify a possible physical mechanism of lightning flashes. This mechanism can…
Lightning in the solar nebula is considered to be one of the probable sources for producing the chondrules that are found in meteorites. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide a large flux of gamma-rays that Compton scatter and create a charge…
Our goal is to find out possible appearance of rotational motion in the atmosphere, created by a lightning. A positive solution of this question, in the end, leads to a necessity of accepting that processes of birth and annihilation of…
A model of electric energization of the Solar Wind and Corona is developed, including electro-magnetic (EM) particle effects precluded by traditional magneto-hydro (MHD) assumptions. Using standard 1-D radial Solar models for particle…
Following his observation the author has described in the papers [1] to [4] the formation of a Lightning Ball (LB)with the help of a new theory of symmetry breaking of the vortex ring. In the frame of this theory he emphasizes the…
Thunderstorms produce strong electric fields over regions on the order of kilometer. The corresponding electric potential differences are on the order of 100 MV. Secondary cosmic rays reaching these regions may be significantly accelerated…
Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have intrigued scientists and mankind in general for many years. The study of thunderstorms has rapidly advanced during the past century and many…
After more than 180 years of research, ball lightning is still an unsolved problem in atmospheric physics. Since no progress can be expected without a controlled production of such objects in a laboratory, this report analyses a carefully…
The absorption of a high-energy photon from the external cosmic gamma-ray background in the inner neutron star magnetosphere triggers the generation of a secondary electron-positron plasma and gives rise to a lightning - a lengthening and…
The complex branched structure of lightning induce scientists to think that dielectric breakdown is a very complicated phenomena, we will show that this is not true and that simulating the structure of lightning is an easy task, but depends…
Vapor condensation with removing of latent heat by emission of characteristic frequencies allows fast droplets formation in big volumes, which becomes possible with spatial redistribution and spreading of condensation nuclei and ions formed…
Lightning is a natural phenomenon that takes place all around the world. The enormous amount of energy released by lightning is extremely ruinous, so some suitable protection schemes are required for power systems to minimize its…
In the hypernova/collapsar model of gamma-ray bursts, it is natural that radiation is emitted by the inner engine for some time after the burst. This has been discussed as a possible source of the X-ray line emission observed in some…
Based on experimental results of recent years, this article presents a qualitative description of a possible mechanism (termed the Mechanism) covering the main stages of lightning initiation, starting before and including the initiating…
Lightning and thundercloud are the most dramatic natural particle accelerators on the Earth. Relativistic electrons accelerated by electric fields therein emit bremsstrahlung gamma rays, which have been detected at ground observations, by…
The electromagnetic fields associated with tortuous lightning channels are usually characterised by a pronounced fine structure. This work investigates and quantifies the effects of channel tortuosity on the return stroke electromagnetic…
A physical model of the formation of a vortex current in a plasma channel of lightning discharges due to the anomalous Hall effect caused by relativistic spin-orbit interaction phenomenon is proposed. The existence of fast electromagnetic…
In this work, more than a dozen solar energetic particle (SEP) events are identified where the source region is magnetically well-connected to at least one spacecraft at 1~au. The observed intensity-time profiles, for all available proton…
A case is made that in encounters with the earth's atmosphere, astrophysical little black holes (LBH) can manifest themselves as the core energy source of balllightning (BL). Relating the LBH incidence rate on earth to BL occurrence has the…