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Random matrix theory has become a widely useful tool in high-dimensional statistics and theoretical machine learning. However, random matrix theory is largely focused on the proportional asymptotics in which the number of columns grows…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Chen Cheng , Andrea Montanari

We consider the application of a popular penalised regression method, Ridge Regression, to data with very high dimensions and many more covariates than observations. Our motivation is the problem of out-of-sample prediction and the setting…

Applications · Statistics 2012-05-04 Erika Cule , Maria De Iorio

Regularized linear regression is a promising approach for binary classification problems in which the training set has noisy labels since the regularization term can help to avoid interpolating the mislabeled data points. In this paper we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Danil Akhtiamov , Reza Ghane , Babak Hassibi

Modern regression problems often involve high-dimensional data and a careful tuning of the regularization hyperparameters is crucial to avoid overly complex models that may overfit the training data while guaranteeing desirable properties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Maria-Florina Balcan , Saumya Goyal , Dravyansh Sharma

A conventional wisdom in statistical learning is that large models require strong regularization to prevent overfitting. Here we show that this rule can be violated by linear regression in the underdetermined $n\ll p$ situation under…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-06 Dmitry Kobak , Jonathan Lomond , Benoit Sanchez

Although numerous methods to reduce the overfitting of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) exist, it is still not clear how to confidently measure the degree of overfitting. A metric reflecting the overfitting level might be, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Svetlana Pavlitskaya , Joël Oswald , J. Marius Zöllner

Modern deep learning models with great expressive power can be trained to overfit the training data but still generalize well. This phenomenon is referred to as \textit{benign overfitting}. Recently, a few studies have attempted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yiwen Kou , Zixiang Chen , Yuanzhou Chen , Quanquan Gu

In this paper, we provide a precise characterization of generalization properties of high dimensional kernel ridge regression across the under- and over-parameterized regimes, depending on whether the number of training data n exceeds the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-25 Fanghui Liu , Zhenyu Liao , Johan A. K. Suykens

Deep learning is renowned for its theory-practice gap, whereby principled theory typically fails to provide much beneficial guidance for implementation in practice. This has been highlighted recently by the benign overfitting phenomenon:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-14 Liam Hodgkinson , Chris van der Heide , Robert Salomone , Fred Roosta , Michael W. Mahoney

Modern deep learning models employ considerably more parameters than required to fit the training data. Whereas conventional statistical wisdom suggests such models should drastically overfit, in practice these models generalize remarkably…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-18 Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

Modern machine learning models are often trained in a setting where the number of parameters exceeds the number of training samples. To understand the implicit bias of gradient descent in such overparameterized models, prior work has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-29 Hannes Matt , Dominik Stöger

Regression models usually tend to recover a noisy signal in the form of a combination of regressors, also called features in machine learning, themselves being the result of a learning process.The alignment of the prior covariance feature…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-25 Cyril Furtlehner

Generalization beyond a training dataset is a main goal of machine learning, but theoretical understanding of generalization remains an open problem for many models. The need for a new theory is exacerbated by recent observations in deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-08 Abdulkadir Canatar , Blake Bordelon , Cengiz Pehlevan

The ability of overparameterized deep networks to interpolate noisy data, while at the same time showing good generalization performance, has been recently characterized in terms of the double descent curve for the test error. Common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Matteo Gamba , Erik Englesson , Mårten Björkman , Hossein Azizpour

In the era of deep learning, understanding over-fitting phenomenon becomes increasingly important. It is observed that carefully designed deep neural networks achieve small testing error even when the training error is close to zero. One…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-04 Yue Xing , Qifan Song , Guang Cheng

Although overparameterized models have achieved remarkable practical success, their theoretical properties, particularly their generalization behavior, remain incompletely understood. The well known double descents phenomenon suggests that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Haoran Zhan , Yingcun Xia

Transfer learning is a key component of modern machine learning, enhancing the performance of target tasks by leveraging diverse data sources. Simultaneously, overparameterized models such as the minimum-$\ell_2$-norm interpolator (MNI) in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-19 Yeichan Kim , Ilmun Kim , Seyoung Park

The widespread success of deep neural networks has revealed a surprise in classical machine learning: very complex models often generalize well while simultaneously overfitting training data. This phenomenon of benign overfitting has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Evan Peters , Maria Schuld

Despite the importance of denoising in modern machine learning and ample empirical work on supervised denoising, its theoretical understanding is still relatively scarce. One concern about studying supervised denoising is that one might not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Chinmaya Kausik , Kashvi Srivastava , Rishi Sonthalia

We analyze gradient descent with randomly weighted data points in a linear regression model, under a generic weighting distribution. This includes various forms of stochastic gradient descent, importance sampling, but also extends to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-12 Gabriel Clara , Yazan Mash'al