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Treatment effect estimation, which helps understand the causality between treatment and outcome variable, is a central task in decision-making across various domains. While most studies focus on treatment effect estimation on individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shonosuke Harada , Ryosuke Yoneda , Hisashi Kashima

Hypergraphs provide an effective abstraction for modeling multi-way group interactions among nodes, where each hyperedge can connect any number of nodes. Different from most existing studies which leverage statistical dependencies, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Jing Ma , Mengting Wan , Longqi Yang , Jundong Li , Brent Hecht , Jaime Teevan

Estimating individual treatment effect (ITE) from observational graph data is crucial for decision-making in the fields such as commerce and medicine. This task is challenging due to interference, where individual outcomes can be influenced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xiaofeng Lin , Han Bao , Hisashi Kashima

Estimating individualised treatment effect (ITE) -- that is the causal effect of a set of variables (also called exposures, treatments, actions, policies, or interventions), referred to as \textit{composite treatments}, on a set of outcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Vinod Kumar Chauhan , Lei Clifton , Gaurav Nigam , David A. Clifton

Treatment effect estimation can assist in effective decision-making in e-commerce, medicine, and education. One popular application of this estimation lies in the prediction of the impact of a treatment (e.g., a promotion) on an outcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Xiaofeng Lin , Guoxi Zhang , Xiaotian Lu , Han Bao , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

We study the problem of estimation of Individual Treatment Effects (ITE) in the context of multiple treatments and networked observational data. Leveraging the network information, we aim to utilize hidden confounders that may not be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Abhinav Thorat , Ravi Kolla , Niranjan Pedanekar , Naoyuki Onoe

Precision medicine seeks to match patients with treatments that produce the greatest benefit. The Predicted Individual Treatment Effect (PITE)-the difference between predicted outcomes under treatment and control-quantifies this benefit but…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-09 Pamela M. Chiroque-Solano , M Lee Van Horn , Thomas Jaki

Estimating how a treatment affects units individually, known as heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) estimation, is an essential part of decision-making and policy implementation. The accumulation of large amounts of data in many domains,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Christopher Tran , Elena Zheleva

Causal effect estimation under observational studies is challenging due to the lack of ground truth data and treatment assignment bias. Though various methods exist in literature for addressing this problem, most of them ignore…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Abhinav Thorat , Ravi Kolla , Niranjan Pedanekar

Identifying patient subgroups with different treatment responses is an important task to inform medical recommendations, guidelines, and the design of future clinical trials. Existing approaches for treatment effect estimation primarily…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-10 Vincent Jeanselme , Chang Ho Yoon , Fabian Falck , Brian Tom , Jessica Barrett

Uplift modeling is a fundamental component of marketing effect modeling, which is commonly employed to evaluate the effects of treatments on outcomes. Through uplift modeling, we can identify the treatment with the greatest benefit. On the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Haowen Wang , Xinyan Ye , Yangze Zhou , Zhiyi Zhang , Longhan Zhang , Jing Jiang

Given a dataset of individuals each described by a covariate vector, a treatment, and an observed outcome on the treatment, the goal of the individual treatment effect (ITE) estimation task is to predict outcome changes resulting from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Lokesh Nagalapatti , Pranava Singhal , Avishek Ghosh , Sunita Sarawagi

We present GraphTSNE, a novel visualization technique for graph-structured data based on t-SNE. The growing interest in graph-structured data increases the importance of gaining human insight into such datasets by means of visualization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Yao Yang Leow , Thomas Laurent , Xavier Bresson

Practitioners in diverse fields such as healthcare, economics and education are eager to apply machine learning to improve decision making. The cost and impracticality of performing experiments and a recent monumental increase in electronic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Fredrik D. Johansson , Uri Shalit , Nathan Kallus , David Sontag

The burden of diseases is rising worldwide, with unequal treatment efficacy for patient populations that are underrepresented in clinical trials. Healthcare, however, is driven by the average population effect of medical treatments and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Ghadeer O. Ghosheh , Moritz Gögl , Tingting Zhu

Evaluating the treatment effects has become an important topic for many applications. However, most existing literature focuses mainly on the average treatment effects. When the individual effects are heavy-tailed or have outlier values,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-11 Yongchang Su , Xinran Li

Individual Treatment Effect (ITE) estimation is an extensively researched problem, with applications in various domains. We model the case where there exists heterogeneous non-compliance to a randomly assigned treatment, a typical situation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-26 Thibaud Rahier , Amélie Héliou , Matthieu Martin , Christophe Renaudin , Eustache Diemert

Estimating causal effects is crucial for decision-makers in many applications, but it is particularly challenging with observational network data due to peer interactions. Many algorithms have been proposed to estimate causal effects…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Xiaojing Du , Jiuyong Li , Debo Cheng , Lin Liu , Wentao Gao , Xiongren Chen

We propose an easy-to-use adjustment estimator for the effect of a treatment based on observational data from a single (social) network of units. The approach allows for interactions among units within the network, called interference, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-06 Meta-Lina Spohn , Leonard Henckel , Marloes H. Maathuis

Estimating Individual Treatment Effects (ITE) from observational data is challenging due to confounding bias. Most studies tackle this bias by balancing distributions globally, but ignore individual heterogeneity and fail to capture the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Fuyuan Cao , Jiaxuan Zhang , Xiaoli Li
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