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Unsupervised learning from continuous visual streams is a challenging problem that cannot be naturally and efficiently managed in the classic batch-mode setting of computation. The information stream must be carefully processed accordingly…
Light propagating in tissue attains a spectrum that varies with location due to wavelength-dependent fluence attenuation by tissue optical properties, an effect that causes spectral corruption. Predictions of the spectral variations of…
The application of information theory in medical imaging, particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), offers powerful quantitative tools for analyzing structural differences in brain tissues. This study utilizes mutual information…
Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), or particle filtering, is widely used in nonlinear state-space systems, but its performance often suffers from poorly approximated proposal and state-transition distributions. This work introduces a…
We develop a mathematical model of information transmission across the biological neural network of the human brain. The overall function of the brain consists of the emergent processes resulting from the spread of information through the…
This paper discusses the application of a Bayesian neural network based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method in medical image classification with small samples. Experimental results on two medical image datasets, including lung X-ray…
We study the coupled two-species non-equilibrium reaction-controlled diffusion model introduced by Trimper et al. [Phys. Rev. E 62, 6071 (2000)] by means of detailed Monte Carlo simulations in one and two dimensions. Particles of type A may…
Monte-Carlo (MC) methods, based on random updates and the trial-and-error principle, are well suited to retrieve particle size distributions from small-angle scattering patterns of dilute solutions of scatterers. The size sensitivity of…
Aims. Numerical test-particle simulations are a reliable and frequently used tool to test analytical transport theories and to predict mean-free paths. The comparison between solutions of the diffusion equation and the particle flux is used…
Using the Monte Carlo method, we have studied the pulsed laser deposition process at the sub-monolayer regime. In our simulations, dissociation of an atom from a cluster is incorporated. Our results indicate that the pulsed laser deposition…
Ultrasound waves propagating in water or soft biological tissue are strongly reflected when encountering the skull, which limits the use of ultrasound-based techniques in transcranial imaging and therapeutic applications. Current knowledge…
The use of supervised deep learning techniques to detect pathologies in brain MRI scans can be challenging due to the diversity of brain anatomy and the need for annotated data sets. An alternative approach is to use unsupervised anomaly…
In this paper, we focus on identifying differentially activated brain regions using a light sheet fluorescence microscopy - a recently developed technique for whole-brain imaging. Most existing statistical methods solve this problem by…
We have investigated the effects of resonant scattering of emission lines on the image morphology and intensity from coronal loop structures. It has previously been shown that line of sight effects in optically thin line emission can yield…
Anomalous diffusion has recently turned out to be almost ubiquitous in transport problems. When the physical properties of the medium where the transport process takes place are stationary and constant at each spatial location, anomalous…
We describe an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for a restricted class of scattering problems in radiation transfer. This class includes many astrophysically interesting problems, including the scattering of ultraviolet and visible light by…
Currently, free flaps and pedicled flaps are assessed for reperfusion in post-operative care using colour, capillary refill, temperature, texture and Doppler signal (if available). While these techniques are effective, they are prone to…
We describe a general strategy for sampling configurations from a given distribution, NOT based on the standard Metropolis (Markov chain) strategy. It uses the fact that nontrivial problems in statistical physics are high dimensional and…
Using optical speckle scanning microscopy [1], we demonstrate that clear images of multiple cells can be obtained through biological scattering tissue, with subcellular resolution and good image quality, as long as the size of the imaging…
We study photon diffusion in a two-dimensional random packing of monodisperse disks as a simple model of granular material. We apply ray optics approximation to set up a persistent random walk for the photons. We employ Fresnel's intensity…