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Question Generation (QG), the task of automatically generating questions from a source input, has seen significant progress in recent years. Difficulty-controllable QG (DCQG) enables control over the difficulty level of generated questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

Understanding culture requires reasoning across context, tradition, and implicit social knowledge, far beyond recalling isolated facts. Yet most culturally focused question answering (QA) benchmarks rely on single-hop questions, which may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Vynska Amalia Permadi , Xingwei Tan , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Nikos Aletras

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the first shared task on End-to-End Natural Language Generation (NLG) and identifies avenues for future research based on the results. This shared task aimed to assess whether recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Ondřej Dušek , Jekaterina Novikova , Verena Rieser

We describe our third-place solution to the UKARA 1.0 challenge on automated essay scoring. The task consists of a binary classification problem on two datasets | answers from two different questions. We ended up using two different models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Ali Akbar Septiandri , Yosef Ardhito Winatmoko

Complex Query Answering (CQA) is an important and fundamental task for knowledge graph (KG) reasoning. Query encoding (QE) is proposed as a fast and robust solution to CQA. In the encoding process, most existing QE methods first parse the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Jiaxin Bai , Tianshi Zheng , Yangqiu Song

If a question cannot be answered with the available information, robust systems for question answering (QA) should know _not_ to answer. One way to build QA models that do this is with additional training data comprised of unanswerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Vagrant Gautam , Miaoran Zhang , Dietrich Klakow

Virtual assistants such as Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri, and Google Assistant often rely on a semantic parsing component to understand which action(s) to execute for an utterance spoken by its users. Traditionally, rule-based or statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Subendhu Rongali , Luca Soldaini , Emilio Monti , Wael Hamza

Conversational Question Generation (CQG) is a critical task for machines to assist humans in fulfilling their information needs through conversations. The task is generally cast into two different settings: answer-aware and answer-unaware.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Xuan Long Do , Bowei Zou , Shafiq Joty , Anh Tai Tran , Liangming Pan , Nancy F. Chen , Ai Ti Aw

Recent advances in the field of language modeling have improved the state-of-the-art in question answering (QA) and question generation (QG). However, the development of modern neural models, their benchmarks, and datasets for training them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Ilmari Kylliäinen , Roman Yangarber

We introduce ASQ, a tool to automatically mine questions and answers from a sentence using the Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR). Previous work has used question-answer pairs to specify the predicate-argument structure of a sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Geetanjali Rakshit , Jeffrey Flanigan

Automatic question generation is an important problem in natural language processing. In this paper we propose a novel adaptive copying recurrent neural network model to tackle the problem of question generation from sentences and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Xinyuan Lu , Yuhong Guo

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG) effectively builds a knowledge graph (KG) to connect disparate facts across a large document corpus. However, this broad-view approach often lacks the deep structured reasoning needed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaoyang Li , Junhao Ruan , Shengwei Tang , Saihan Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Question generation over knowledge bases (KBQG) aims at generating natural-language questions about a subgraph, i.e. a set of (connected) triples. Two main challenges still face the current crop of encoder-decoder-based methods, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Sheng Bi , Xiya Cheng , Yuan-Fang Li , Yongzhen Wang , Guilin Qi

Question Generation (QG) is a task within Natural Language Processing (NLP) that involves automatically generating questions given an input, typically composed of a text and a target answer. Recent work on QG aims to control the type of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

The use of question-based activities (QBAs) is wide-spread in education, traditionally forming an integral part of the learning and assessment process. In this paper, we design and evaluate an automated question generation tool for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Ayan Kumar Bhowmick , Ashish Jagmohan , Aditya Vempaty , Prasenjit Dey , Leigh Hall , Jeremy Hartman , Ravi Kokku , Hema Maheshwari

Today the pre-trained language models achieve great success for question generation (QG) task and significantly outperform traditional sequence-to-sequence approaches. However, the pre-trained models treat the input passage as a flat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Zichen Wu , Xin Jia , Fanyi Qu , Yunfang Wu

Question Generation (QG) receives increasing research attention in NLP community. One motivation for QG is that QG significantly facilitates the preparation of educational reading practice and assessments. While the significant advancement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ying-Hong Chan , Ho-Lam Chung , Yao-Chung Fan

This study investigates the task of knowledge-based question generation (KBQG). Conventional KBQG works generated questions from fact triples in the knowledge graph, which could not express complex operations like aggregation and comparison…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Guanming Xiong , Junwei Bao , Wen Zhao , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He

Medical Question Answering~(medical QA) systems play an essential role in assisting healthcare workers in finding answers to their questions. However, it is not sufficient to merely provide answers by medical QA systems because users might…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Wei Sun , Mingxiao Li , Damien Sileo , Jesse Davis , Marie-Francine Moens

A machine learning model was developed to automatically generate questions from Wikipedia passages using transformers, an attention-based model eschewing the paradigm of existing recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The model was trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Kettip Kriangchaivech , Artit Wangperawong