Related papers: Normalized Laplacians for Gain Graphs
Here we have investigated a few properties of the eigenvalues of normalized (geometric) graph Laplacian in different graphs. Preservation of eigenvalue 1 from a particular subgraph to the entire graph, the spectrum of the graph constructed…
A complex unit gain graph ($\mathbb{T}$-gain graph), $\Phi = (G, \varphi)$ is a graph where the function $\varphi$ assigns a unit complex number to each orientation of an edge of $G$, and its inverse is assigned to the opposite orientation.…
For a simple and connected graph, several lower and upper bounds of graph invariants expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian matrix have been proposed in literature. In this paper, through a unified approach based…
We give a combinatorial characterization of graphs whose normalized Laplacian has three distinct eigenvalues. Strongly regular graphs and complete bipartite graphs are examples of such graphs, but we also construct more exotic families of…
Let $G$ be a connected undirected graph with $n$, $n\ge 3$, vertices and $m$ edges. Denote by $\rho_1 \ge \rho_2 \ge \cdots > \rho_n =0$ the normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$. Upper and lower bounds of $\rho_i$, $i=1,2,\ldots , n-1$,…
The spectrum of the normalized graph Laplacian yields a very comprehensive set of invariants of a graph. In order to understand the information contained in those invariants better, we systematically investigate the behavior of this…
In this paper, we characterize all connected graphs with exactly three distinct normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of which one is equal to $1$, determine all connected bipartite graphs with at least one vertex of degree $1$ having exactly…
For a simple and connected graph, a new graph invariant $s_{\alpha}^{*}(G)$, defined as the sum of powers of the eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian matrix, has been introduced by Bozkurt and Bozkurt in [7]. Lower and upper bounds have…
Given an arbitrary connected $G$, the $n$-polygon graph $\tau_n(G)$ is obtained by adding a path with length $n$ $(n\geq 2)$ to each edge of graph $G$, and the iterated $n$-polygon graphs $\tau_n^g(G)$ ($g\geq 0$), is obtained from the…
We consider the normalized Laplace operator for directed graphs with positive and negative edge weights. This generalization of the normalized Laplace operator for undirected graphs is used to characterize directed acyclic graphs. Moreover,…
The Laplacian matrix of a simple graph is the difference of the diagonal matrix of vertex degree and the (0,1) adjacency matrix. In the past decades, the Laplacian spectrum has received much more and more attention, since it has been…
A complex unit gain graph ($ \mathbb{T} $-gain graph), $ \Phi=(G, \varphi) $ is a graph where the function $ \varphi $ assigns a unit complex number to each orientation of an edge of $ G $, and its inverse is assigned to the opposite…
For a simple connected graph $ G $ of order $ n $, the normalized Laplacian is a square matrix of order $ n $, defined as $\mathcal{L}(G)= D(G)^{-\frac{1}{2}}L(G)D(G)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$, where $ D(G)^{-\frac{1}{2}} $ is the diagonal matrix…
The work in this thesis concerns the investigation of eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix, normalized Laplacian matrix, signless Laplacian matrix and distance signless Laplacian matrix of graphs. In Chapter 1, we present a brief…
The Laplacian eigenvalues of a network play an important role in the analysis of many structural and dynamical network problems. In this paper, we study the relationship between the eigenvalue spectrum of the normalized Laplacian matrix and…
Typically, graph structures are represented by one of three different matrices: the adjacency matrix, the unnormalised and the normalised graph Laplacian matrices. The spectral (eigenvalue) properties of these different matrices are…
We apply eigenvalue interlacing techniques for obtaining lower and upper bounds for the sums of Laplacian eigenvalues of graphs, and characterize equality. This leads to generalizations of, and variations on theorems by Grone, and Grone and…
The eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian of a graph provide information on its topological and structural characteristics and also on some relevant dynamical aspects, specifically in relation to random walks. In this paper we determine…
Graphs with few distinct eigenvalues have been investigated extensively. In this paper, we focus on another relevant topic: characterizing graphs with some eigenvalue of large multiplicity. Specifically, the normalized Laplacian matrix of a…
Let $ \Phi=(G, \varphi) $ be a connected complex unit gain graph ($ \mathbb{T} $-gain graph) on a simple graph $ G $ with $ n $ vertices and maximum vertex degree $ \Delta $. The associated adjacency matrix and degree matrix are denoted by…