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Word vector representations open up new opportunities to extract useful information from unstructured text. Defining a word as a vector made it easy for the machine learning algorithms to understand a text and extract information from. Word…

Deep learning natural language processing models often use vector word embeddings, such as word2vec or GloVe, to represent words. A discrete sequence of words can be much more easily integrated with downstream neural layers if it is…

Conventional text classification models make a bag-of-words assumption reducing text into word occurrence counts per document. Recent algorithms such as word2vec are capable of learning semantic meaning and similarity between words in an…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) become ever more dominant, classic pre-trained word embeddings sustain their relevance through computational efficiency and nuanced linguistic interpretation. Drawing from recent studies demonstrating that…

Most existing word embedding methods can be categorized into Neural Embedding Models and Matrix Factorization (MF)-based methods. However some models are opaque to probabilistic interpretation, and MF-based methods, typically solved using…

Representing documents into high dimensional embedding space while preserving the structural similarity between document sources has been an ultimate goal for many works on text representation learning. Current embedding models, however,…

Vector space embedding models like word2vec, GloVe, fastText, and ELMo are extremely popular representations in natural language processing (NLP) applications. We present Magnitude, a fast, lightweight tool for utilizing and processing…

Word embedding systems such as Word2Vec and GloVe are well-known in deep learning approaches to NLP. This is largely due to their ability to capture semantic relationships between words. In this work we investigated their usefulness in…

Natural language processing models have attracted much interest in the deep learning community. This branch of study is composed of some applications such as machine translation, sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, question and…

Word embeddings and language models have transformed natural language processing (NLP) by facilitating the representation of linguistic elements in continuous vector spaces. This review visits foundational concepts such as the…

As a fundamental task in natural language processing, word embedding converts each word into a representation in a vector space. A challenge with word embedding is that as the vocabulary grows, the vector space's dimension increases, which…

Recent word embeddings techniques represent words in a continuous vector space, moving away from the atomic and sparse representations of the past. Each such technique can further create multiple varieties of embeddings based on different…

Word embedding or vector representation of word holds syntactical and semantic characteristics of a word which can be an informative feature for any machine learning-based models of natural language processing. There are several deep…

Word2Vec (W2V) and GloVe are popular, fast and efficient word embedding algorithms. Their embeddings are widely used and perform well on a variety of natural language processing tasks. Moreover, W2V has recently been adopted in the field of…

In recent years, word embeddings have been surprisingly effective at capturing intuitive characteristics of the words they represent. These vectors achieve the best results when training corpora are extremely large, sometimes billions of…

Modern speaker recognition systems represent utterances by embedding vectors. Conventional embedding vectors are dense and non-structural. In this paper, we propose an ordered binary embedding approach that sorts the dimensions of the…

Word vectors require significant amounts of memory and storage, posing issues to resource limited devices like mobile phones and GPUs. We show that high quality quantized word vectors using 1-2 bits per parameter can be learned by…

Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) mining thematic structure of documents plays an important role in nature language processing and machine learning areas. However, the probability distribution from LDA only describes the statistical…

Embedding models can generate high-dimensional vectors whose similarity reflects semantic affinities. Thus, accurately and timely retrieving those vectors in a large collection that are similar to a given query has become a critical…

Word2vec is a popular family of algorithms for unsupervised training of dense vector representations of words on large text corpuses. The resulting vectors have been shown to capture semantic relationships among their corresponding words,…